Layout of a summer cottage. Layout of a summer cottage - effective and proper zoning schemes (99 photos) Recreation area on a plot of 8 acres

So I became the happy owner of a small land plot for construction country house. Now I am faced with the task of developing a design for a plot of 8 acres. The area of the site is small and I want to plan it as correctly as possible. Size in plan 40x20 m.

On the site I plan to place: a residential building with a garage, a bathhouse, a children's playground, a gazebo, a greenhouse, if possible a swimming pool, and of course a small vegetable garden.

The main object is, of course, a residential building with a garage. The house will be 9x9 m in size, the garage attached to the house (this is more economical, there is no need to build one wall of the garage) will be 6x4 m in size. The house will be located at the beginning of the plot near the road, the distance from the fence is 4 m.

The gates and wicket will be spaced in different directions. As you may have guessed, the frontage of the site is only 20 meters.

There is a bathhouse located 10 meters from the house. A swimming pool is planned near the bathhouse. Further behind the bathhouse there are 2 acres of vegetable garden. There will also be a summer gazebo in the yard, and a small greenhouse in the garden.

All buildings and structures are connected by paths made of paving slabs.

The site is fenced with a wooden fence.

Layout of a plot of 8 acres

Today, land plots with an area of 8 acres are very often purchased, so many people have questions related to their proper planning. In order for the site to become a real place for a pleasant pastime, it is necessary to provide space for:

Residential house; Garage or car parking; Children's or sports ground; Utility area with utility rooms; Green area with flower beds; Recreation areas with a lawn, barbecue or grill; Compost pits; Vegetable beds; Planting fruit trees and berry bushes.

Even those who prefer to grow vegetables should remember that beds with an area of 70 sq. m. are quite capable of satisfying the nutritional needs of the family. For keen gardeners, you can provide additional greenhouse with an area of no more than 30 square meters. m. Fruit trees should be planted on the north side of the site. On the eastern side it is recommended to organize a recreation area, and to shade it you can plant a spreading cherry tree, apple tree or any other decorative tree. You can also plant small ornamental and fruit trees between the house and the street, and if you have a garage, then low shrubs will look good next to it. The southern part of the site, especially if it is shaded by the wall of a house or garage, is an ideal place for growing grapes or any other heat-loving plants. It is very convenient to set up a bed with perennial herbs next to the porch. A compost pit, which is a mandatory component summer cottage, should be separated by berry bushes that act as a hedge. They can be planted on all sides, thus protecting the compost pit from all existing areas. It is better to fence the compost pit from the neighboring plot with a wooden fence. The garden area should not be fenced off with a hedge; it is better to mark it by planting a sparse raspberry tree around the perimeter, which will not shade the garden.

In most suburban areas, a fence is usually installed around the perimeter. And rarely does anyone think about the fact that a hedge made of shrubs looks more aesthetically pleasing and creates the effect of complete harmony with nature. Today, there are a huge variety of types of “pruned” shrubs that can be a great alternative to unattractive picket fences and bulky fences. In addition, compositions made of stones decorated with flowers will look great as a natural fence. No less original are stylized fences made of poles or a stone fence. A lawn, sports or children's playground is usually located next to the house. In this case, a terrace or veranda usually opens onto the lawn, and a grill or barbecue is equipped on its edge. The playground, in most cases, is located under the windows so that children can be looked after from home.

Layout of a triangular plot of 8 acres

Layout of a plot of 12 acres

A plot of 12 acres allows you to increase the recreation area and gardening area. As for the recreation area, next to the lawn, which is usually located in the center of the plot, it is necessary to arrange a small decorative pond. And it’s very good if it is visible from the terrace or veranda. From the soil removed when digging a reservoir, you can build a picturesque rampart, which can limit the site from one side. It can also serve as the basis for creating an alpine slide. It is very important that Vacation home buried in greenery and flowers, so surround it with flower beds, and sow all free space with perennial grass. A country house can be located either deep in the plot or next to the road, but at a distance no closer than 3 m. This depends, first of all, on the topography of the site and its orientation. In this case, the garden, vegetable garden and flower beds should be placed on the sunny side. Shrubs, a few flower beds, a lawn and non-fruit trees can be located in a more shaded area. And the utility area with utility rooms should be located as far as possible from the house and recreation area. A house near the road is to a certain extent a Russian tradition. The advantages of such placement are that you can create a more comfortable courtyard and garden, while protecting the recreation area from the outside world.

If the site is located on a slope, then:

On the southern slope the house is built on the highest place; On the western and eastern slopes, the house is built on a high place near the northern border; On the northern slope, the house is built in the middle of the slope, but closer to the western border. If the plot is narrow, then it is advisable to locate the house next to a shorter border. This will allow for more efficient use of land. When building a house, you should take into account all local restrictions on its location.

Mandatory rules for the location of houses that should be taken into account

Sanitary standards for the construction of houses are as follows:

In addition, it is imperative to take into account fire safety requirements when arranging the site. In this case, the distances between existing buildings are not standardized. But in terms of fire safety rules, the distances between buildings of neighboring areas are specified, namely:

If houses are built from fireproof materials and equipped with fire-resistant partitions and roofs - 6 m; If houses are built from fireproof materials, but are equipped with flammable roofs - 8 m; If houses are built entirely from flammable materials - 15 m; The permissible reduction in fire gap is 20%.

Before developing the site and carrying out any work, it is necessary to find out the depth of the groundwater. Since if they are close, it will be necessary to carry out drainage to prevent possible flooding of the area. Such information can be obtained by sending a request to the district architect. You can check the accuracy of the information received yourself. To do this, in the autumn, you should dig a hole approximately 2 m deep. And after the water has settled in it, you need to measure its level. Drainage is necessary if the distance to the soil surface is less than 1 m. An important stage in arranging a suburban area for construction is preparatory. You should be very careful with the areas where you plan to plant trees or create garden beds. Therefore, care should be taken not to contaminate them building materials. This is very difficult, so it is recommended to move the fertile layer soil into a heap using a bulldozer and only after that bring in building materials. To prevent the soil from losing its qualities, you can sow it with fodder peas, vetch or lupine. Upon completion of all construction work it will need to be carefully leveled.

If you have garden beds, remember that they must be well-groomed. The garden should be divided by passages for ease of watering and harvesting. If the soil is clayey, then it is better to place the beds in the north-south direction so that all plants receive the same amount sunlight. In the case of sandy soil, the beds should be located in the east-west direction, this will protect the row spacing from drying out, since they will be in the shade. An area sown with herbs may be in the shade and it is better if it is near the house.

A children's playground is an important part of a suburban area. For older children, it can be replaced by a sports ground. It is important that this place is located on the leeward side of the house and is protected from drafts. You can zone the area using a hedge, and for little ones you can even organize a mini-garden. Any hedge provides a feeling of security and comfort. But at the same time, massive fences are absolutely incompatible with the natural beauty of nature. Therefore, you should not refuse to use hedges, because they are one of the main aesthetic elements of the site. It can be formed not only from shrubs, but also from trees. Thanks to it, it will be possible to significantly reduce gas pollution and noise, and it will also attract birds and allow you to enjoy their singing. At the same time, a geometrically designed hedge emphasizes the owner’s desire for order. It is preferable to organize a dense barrier of trees and bushes when an unattractive landscape opens from the windows of the house.

In addition to hedges, others can be used to accentuate the boundaries of the site. natural materials, for example, stones. The combined fence looks very good. For example, you can build a low wall made of natural stone and place a palisade of untreated logs next to it, or dig grooves and stylize them in an original way with logs. Pointed elements should not be used to form a fence; they look threatening. When planning and arranging a suburban area, you should remember that all elements must be harmoniously combined and complement each other. Any landscape consists of separate forms, and the integrity of the entire space depends on how well they are selected. For example, you should not create round flower beds of the same diameter; adjacent flower beds with diameters of 3 m and 1.5 m will look much more original. Lawns look great irregular shape with orderly rows of neatly trimmed bushes. The compatibility of the circle and the sphere is very often used. Thus, the boundaries of a lawn in the shape of a circle can be emphasized with rounded shrubs. When planting trees, select them in such a way that they are of different heights. When arranging a site, it is very important to take into account the influence of different forms on the human psyche and know their symbolism. Thus, the round shapes of the components create the impression of closure and are appropriate to use when you can visually break the circle. For example, the round grassy lawn in front of the house is broken every time the gate is opened, thus symbolizing hospitality. Curved lines add harmony to the entire area, connecting its individual components with each other. Therefore, it is recommended to lay “winding” paths along the site. It is generally accepted that strict vertical forms can exacerbate the feeling of fear, so suspicious people should not plant pyramidal poplars, junipers or cypresses on the site. But complex combinations various forms awaken curiosity and encourage thought.

The calming element is water and the effect is enhanced by horizontal shapes, being a symbol of staticity and constancy. The reasonableness of the owner is emphasized by the abundance of strict geometric shapes. Strictly square lawns or square flower beds give the site seriousness and restraint. When arranging a site, it is necessary to create the effect of spaciousness and, if there is not enough area for this, you should create the illusion of its expansion. To do this, you can grow a lonely, intricately curved tree on the lawn, and place a statue in one of its corners. Flowers with a pleasant aroma should be planted near the threshold, bench, or gate. And if you plan to use ceramic tiles for lining paths or the floor on the terrace, you should give preference to antique-style tiles. These and many other methods will visually expand the space and bring you closer to nature.

The task of planning a plot of 8 acres is considered not the most difficult task. On the one hand, there is room to roam, on the other, large mansions with English lawns and fountains cannot be built. So for a reasonable, rational planning of a land plot, it is necessary to follow a number of rules that will facilitate this process.

First of all, when planning a summer cottage plot of 8 acres, you need to locate both residential and outbuildings. The essence of the layout is to combine all buildings into a single functioning system. At the same time, the landscape elements must complement the buildings, and in general the entire site must be complete and aesthetically attractive. To do this, you will have to work on a territory plan.

The article will tell the reader about the basic rules for placing buildings and plantings on the territory, and will also give several useful tips, thanks to which the land owner will be able to quickly plan a site with a house.

The easiest way to have a beautiful front lawn
You've certainly seen the perfect lawn in a movie, on an alley, or perhaps on your neighbor's lawn. Those who have ever tried to grow a green area on their site will no doubt say that it is a huge amount of work. The lawn requires careful planting, care, fertilization, and watering. However, only inexperienced gardeners think this way; professionals have long known about the innovative product - liquid lawn AquaGrazz.

When creating the design of a plot of 8 acres, a summer resident must be guided by the functionality of his territory. When marking the site, do not forget that the residential area should not occupy more than 10 percent of the land area; up to 20 percent can be allocated for recreation areas and outbuildings, but the rest of the territory, containing gardens, greenhouses, and vegetable beds , should organically complete the layout.

So, first, let's decide on the purpose of the site. What will it be - a summer house intended exclusively for relaxation? Or a vegetable garden, whose purpose is to provide fresh vegetables and fruits, as well as berries for the owner and his family members: fresh in the summer, and in the winter - in the form of pickles and jams? Based on this, we will plan the land.

Why should we build a house...

What other buildings are needed on the land plot allocated to you? Bathhouse - if you are a fan of “steaming”, perhaps with a pool where you can take a dip after the steam room. Calculate the area that will be occupied by the bathhouse, outbuildings - a barn, a garage (if it is necessary and it is not supposed to be located underground), a gazebo or a recreation area with a barbecue, a summer kitchen. This is an approximate list of buildings located on the land plot:

residential area, house;
rest zone;
area of outbuildings;
carport;
vegetable area and garden.

Everything is at hand

If you have children, it would be nice to set up a children’s playground, even a small one - a swing, a slide, a sandbox. Position it so that the playing child is always within your line of sight - if you are in the house or in the summer kitchen. This way you will protect your child from injury, and yourself from unnecessary worry about him.

When planning your garden, think about running for a couple of radishes or carrots for the summer. dining table, a bunch of lettuce or a head of onion - it’s completely inconvenient to go to the far corner of the territory. Small beds with herbs can be located in close proximity to the house or next to the barbecue area.

But greenhouses and cucumber greenhouses can be located a little further so that they do not spoil the landscape with their appearance and bulkiness. Low berry bushes can be placed throughout the territory, using them to highlight different zones. For the same purpose, you can use flowering ornamental bushes, which will decorate your summer cottage with their colors and aroma.

I planted the kindergarten myself...

A thrifty owner uses every piece of land for good. And if you got as many as eight acres of land, then you need to use it wisely. If apples and pears, plums and other fruits grow in your climate, be sure to plant at least a couple of trees. If the apple tree bore fruit abundantly last year, it will rest this year. Therefore, apple lovers should take care not to be left without a harvest. Sea buckthorn requires mandatory planting of both male and female bushes, otherwise you will not receive healing berries.

Raspberries and blackberries can be placed along the perimeter of the site - thorny bushes, in addition to producing delicious berries, will protect your site from uninvited guests with their thorns.

Planting fruit trees berry crops, as well as vegetables - take into account their desired proximity to each other, the required illumination.

The same applies to flower beds - it is unlikely that at least one summer resident or gardener will completely refuse to place flower beds and edgings on his plot. They can be placed near the house, along the facade, along the perimeter of the veranda or terrace, if available. If it is difficult to place them near the house, at least it is possible. make hanging flowerpots with flowering plants and place them on the wall of the house, on the porch railing, on the gazebo or bathhouse. The bright colors will decorate any area - be it large, on which you can build an alpine slide, or small. Even a couple of flower beds will significantly enliven the landscape.

Whether in the garden, in the vegetable garden...

Be that as it may, having land and not planting a vegetable garden on it is not a property approach. It may not be possible to plant enough potatoes on your site to last for the winter, but it is quite possible to install a small greenhouse for tomatoes and peppers, or a greenhouse for cucumbers. Then fresh vegetables from the garden will give you the opportunity to stock up on vitamins for the long winter, and also prepare pickles and marinades. A bed of carrots, a bed of onions for feathers, a bed for bulbs, two or three strawberries, a bed of cabbage - this is the obligatory garden minimum, which, as a rule, is planted by all gardeners.

If you purchased a plot specifically for the purpose of growing vegetables, then up to 70 percent of the entire territory on the plot must be allocated for it. Garlic and dill can be planted in the same beds, for example, between strawberry bushes, and radishes have a good place in the greenhouse, so that you can enjoy fresh radishes in the spring and early summer. Be sure to pay attention to the proximity and friendship of different cultures, as well as the fact that many crops grow better if you change their planting location every year.

By the way, when planning a vegetable garden, you need to immediately think through the question of how much light the plant needs. For example, when growing potatoes, this problem disappears, and they can be planted right next to fruit bushes. Nearby you can place a cucumber greenhouse and a bed with cabbage. But vegetables that require sufficient light, such as tomatoes and peppers (if the climate allows them to ripen in open ground), should be planted in sunny areas.

As mentioned above, beds with herbs should be placed near the house and summer kitchen- you won’t have to go far for a couple of onion feathers and a sprig of dill, and you will always have fresh summer greens on the table.

Finishing touches

Well, all the buildings are ready, and even beloved Jack has found his dog’s home, trees and bushes, vegetables and berries have been planted. Phlox and marigolds are already in full bloom, and the delicious aroma of barbecue emanates from the grill... Stop! We forgot about the paths connecting the different zones of the site.

Their correct location also needs to be foreseen and planned in advance. You also need to think about what they will be made of - you will lay them out with paving slabs or concrete them, use flagstone or leave them untouched - decide right away, the main thing is that they fit harmoniously into the overall landscape of the site.

Consider the lighting of the area. Backlight is necessary for local area, at the entrance area to the site and near the porch. To make evening gatherings in the gazebo more enjoyable, install electricity there too. Of course, light is also needed in the bathhouse. And along the paths you can install feeding stations solar energy small lamps that will make the landscape design of your summer cottage not just a single composition, but will also create a slightly fabulous, enchanting atmosphere.

Enjoy your holiday!

Imagine that you are the owner of a plot of 8 acres. Of course you want to make it your dream come true. You have a lot of ideas in your head, but you cannot implement them yourself.

There’s nothing wrong with that, because that’s why there are specialists who will help you turn your ideas into reality. They will create a landscape design taking into account how the plants are located on your site and next to it, and will also take into account the features of the relief.

Peculiarities

A dacha plot of eight acres provides enormous scope for your imagination. On such a plot you can place everything you need for your family. Grandmother - beds, mother - beautiful gazebo, for children - a playground.

Landscape design Even an artificial pond can decorate your summer cottage. After all, many people want to fish without leaving the yard after hard working days. It is worth considering that the pond must be placed lower than all other objects. Also, do not forget about childhood dreams. After all, every child living in the city wants to run around to their heart’s content and play a variety of games in the fresh air.

Layout

However, eight acres is not so much. Therefore, planning your site is one of the main tasks. First, you need to place all the areas you need on a fairly large area. Secondly, combine everything into a scheme, the plan of which needs to be thought about very carefully.

Thirdly, take into account sanitary standards. Country toilets And cesspools must be located at least 12 meters from a residential building to maintain infection safety.

Bushes and trees should be no closer than one meter to the boundaries of your site. The main building on the site is the house. Must also be present utility block so that garden supplies are at your fingertips, but also do not interfere with your home.

The car must be placed in a place that will not turn your recreation area into a garage. And of course, what owner doesn’t want to have a bathhouse on his property, where he can happily steam and relax. When installing a bathhouse, you should take into account the terrain and do not forget about safety rules.

Zoning

Zoning plays the most important role in arranging a plot of land, because if you correctly distribute the zones, it will be easier for you to decide on the landscaping of your plot.

If you don’t know how to divide your site into zones, here are some examples:

Visual zoning. This is a division of space without using unnecessary details. For example, a terrace for relaxation and a play area for children can be connected to the house, while covering them with a light awning or plastic covering. The zones are separated from each other only visually.

Paths. The second option for zoning a land plot is to design neat paths. Paths will also help divide the site into zones. They can be different, for example, from paving slabs, which will be not only comfortable, but also durable. There are also paths made of stone - a material that is the most durable and also looks beautiful on any site.

Gravel paths are popular and can even be laid out in the shape of a river flowing through your site. You can also make a path from natural materials, such as wood slices. This solution is good because this material is environmentally friendly. In addition, walking along such a path, you will feel like you are on a walk in the forest.

Hedge. Regardless of whether your flower beds are square or round, they can be divided using hedges. By planting plants that climb, you will not only decorate your site, but also protect it from drafts, curious glances from neighbors, and also create shade in which you can hide in the heat.

Plants used to create hedges include wild ivy, grapevine, clematis and climbing roses. Roses and clematis will be fragrant and delight you with their buds all summer long. As for grapes, their ripe, fragrant bunches can be turned into wine or served in the fall.

Fence. There may also be a fence on the site. It can be made of wood, metal or concrete. Fences are also made of wicker and corrugated sheets.
- Wooden fences are now very popular and in demand. After all, wood is not only an inexpensive, but also an environmentally friendly material. In addition, a fence can be made from it in different shapes.
- A distinctive feature of metal fences is their strength. The metal will not only last a long time, but will also delight you and your neighbors with its original forging.
- Concrete fences will close the area from prying eyes and add mystery to it.
- Fences made of vines will decorate the area in a rustic style. Talented owners can weave it with their own hands from scrap materials.

Decor

Decor plays an important role in the design of a summer cottage. After all, with its help you can show all your imagination and bring it to life:

Flowers. For example, in a recreation area you can arrange an artificial garden using flowerpots with climbing flowers. Luxurious begonias, violets, pansies, which can be placed on the sides of the veranda or hung in baskets woven by you, will look great.

Garden sculptures . One of the elements of decorating the site are garden sculptures. They can be placed both in the garden and near the house. They will look great in your beds, complementing them and serving as a scarecrow for various pests.

Garden sculptures can be bought in stores. But the real pleasure is making them yourself. Especially if the whole family takes part in this. The plaster will produce beautiful figures of real animals, birds and insects: hedgehogs, dogs, seals, piglets, storks, butterflies, frogs and other representatives of the animal world.

In the garden you can put families of honey mushrooms or bright fly agaric mushrooms. Even water barrels can serve as an excellent decoration if you paint them with patterns.

Flowerbeds. In summer you will be delighted with the color palette in your flower beds. They can be made rectangular, round, in the shape of a heart, words, the silhouette of an animal or bird, etc. Flowers are planted so that they replace each other: from early primroses like primroses, snowdrops, hyacinths to late chrysanthemums.

Pergola. Not all owners use a pergola on their property. However, it is not only a beautiful decor, but also a functional detail of the exterior. A pergola will support climbing plants and also protect from the scorching rays of the sun.

Beautiful examples

The landscape design of a plot of eight acres may vary. You just have to express your thoughts to the designer, and he will turn your fantasies into reality. Here are some beautiful examples.

Rustic

If you want to take a break from the city atmosphere in the countryside, then this option will be the best for you. The centerpiece of this property is the rustic style home. Small windows with low walls and a thatched roof create an antique feel. The house is surrounded by bright flowers. There are not only low-growing plants here, but also climbing plants.

You can plant fruit trees near the house. They will make you happy different times of the year: in spring - with its flowering, in summer and autumn - with a rich harvest. And jasmine, stretching branches out the window, will wake you up in the morning with its fragrance. In the center of the area you can place wooden table and a bench. All this looks beautiful surrounded by colorful flower beds filled with gladioli, ferns, and bells.

1. How to plan a summer cottage plot measuring about 8 acres?

There should be space for a house, garage, utility and utility rooms, garden, vegetable garden, green lawn, flower beds, playground, compost heaps, barbecue grill. 70 sq. m of beds plus 30 sq. m of greenhouses will fully satisfy your needs for vegetables, except potatoes.

Large spreading trees, including fruit trees, should be located closer to the north of the site; if you plant a cherry, apple tree or ornamental non-fruit tree on the east side of the lawn, in the summer you will have a shaded resting place. Small fruit or ornamental trees will fit well between the house and the street, and low bushes near the entrance to the garage.

The southern wall of the house and garage is an ideal, sunny place, protected from cold winds, for a trellis of grapes and other heat-loving plants. The best place for a spice bed - next to the porch, veranda.

2. Recreation area, green lawn should be separated from compost heaps by a row of berry bushes.

Behind the bushes compost heaps will not be visible from the veranda and from the house. You should not plant a high green hedge along the edge of the part of the site where the vegetable garden is located. The sparse raspberry bush along the southern edge of the estate will not shade the garden. To prevent your neighbors from seeing the compost pit, you can also install a wooden fence here.

3. A living green hedge is more beautiful and practical than a fence.

It will protect the garden from the wind, limit the space of the estate, fit it into the surrounding space, and attract birds and small animals. As an alternative to unsightly picket fences, we can also recommend a hedge made of “trimmed” bushes, compositions of stones and flowers, thick logs, natural look fences made of poles, stone fence.

4. Place a lawn and a playground with a sandbox next to the house.

The lawn usually opens onto a veranda or terrace. A playground is often located under the windows of the room where adults spend most of the daytime, so that children are constantly in sight. Leave room at the edge of the lawn for a barbecue grill.

5. A plot of about 12 acres allows you to maximize the recreation area, plant a large garden or cultivate a large vegetable garden.

Next to the lawn located in the center of such a plot, there must be a place for a small pond. It’s good if it is visible from the veranda or terrace. The soil removed when digging a reservoir can be used to build a small picturesque rampart on one of the boundaries of the site, an alpine hill, or a small slope on the south side of the house, on which roses will grow well. All the space near the house can be occupied by grass, flowers, ornamental plants. The remaining recommendations are the same as for smaller areas.

6. Where should the house be located: in the depths of the summer cottage or near the road?

Firstly, it depends on the terrain (see next tip), and secondly, on the orientation of the site. The sunny side should be allocated for an orchard, vegetable garden, and the main part of the flower garden. Shrubs, a non-orchard (ornamental) garden, a lawn, part of a flower garden, outbuildings and utility rooms, and a barbecue area may be located in a more shaded area. According to Russian tradition, the house is located with a pediment to the street (road) not far from it. A house built close to the street allows you to create a more intimate yard and garden, protecting them from the outside world. At the same time, if there is a road nearby, the house in the depths of the plot finds itself in a quieter area, and the garden serves as additional protection from dust and noise.

7. Where should the house be located if the plot is on a slope?

On a southern slope, it is better to build a house on a high place. On the eastern and western slopes, the house is located at the northern border of the site on a high place. If the terrain is less favorable, with a slope to the north, place the house closer to the western border, in the middle of the slope, possibly on a fill.

8. On a narrow plot, it is advisable to place the house near a shorter border.

This layout contributes to better use of the land: the space in front of the house on the entrance side expands, the site becomes less dismembered, and there are more opportunities for planning the garden. Please also be aware of possible local location restrictions.

9. During construction, it is necessary to take into account sanitary standards for distances between buildings.

The distance from the windows of a residential building to the windows and doors of sheds where livestock and poultry are kept must be at least 15 m, to outhouses and waste bins - at least 20 m. Premises attached to the house for keeping livestock and poultry should be isolated from living rooms by two passage rooms. The distance between the summer (country) house and the restroom must be at least 12 m. The minimum distance from the cellar to the compost pit or barnyard is 7 m.

10. It is necessary to take into account fire safety standards for distances between buildings.

The distance between buildings within the estate is not standardized. But fire protection requires the following gaps between houses and buildings in neighboring areas: 6 m - if both buildings are built from fireproof materials with fire-resistant partitions and roofs; 8 m - between fireproof buildings with combustible roofs; 10 m - between non-combustible buildings with combustible roofs; 15 m - between completely combustible buildings. The fire gap between the walls of buildings without windows is allowed to be reduced by 20 percent.

11. Before developing the site, it is necessary to determine the groundwater level and, if necessary, carry out drainage.

The district architect can provide this information, but double-check it yourself just in case. Closer to autumn, dig a hole about 2 m deep closer to the border of the site. When the water settles in it after some time, measure the distance from its level to the soil surface. If it turns out that it is less than 1 m, the area needs drainage; if it is less than 1.5 m, drainage is desirable.

12. Preparing the site for construction - important stage works

Treat the land with care, especially those areas where a garden and vegetable garden will be established in the future. It is almost impossible to protect the fertile layer of soil from crumbling cement, fragments of bricks, and soil from the foundation pit. Therefore, before starting construction, use a bulldozer to move the fertile soil layer into a shaft up to 1.5 m high in the corner of the site. This must be done in dry weather. To prevent soil in heaps from losing its quality, sow it with lupine, vetch or fodder peas. As they grow, mow the plants without removing the clippings. After completion of construction work fertile soil can be arranged as needed for the garden.

13. A living green hedge is one of the main compositional elements of a garden.

It “insulates” the garden, protecting it from wind, dust, gas pollution and noise, and attracts birds and animals. It can consist of 1-3 rows of trees and shrubs, both naturally growing and carefully trimmed. You can plant one hedge between you and your neighbor.

14. A well-kept garden and greenhouses will provide a family with two children with all the necessary vegetables in the summer.

This acre is best divided into long beds a meter and a half wide with 30-centimeter aisles. On clay soils, it is advisable to place the beds in a direction from north to south, then all plants will receive the same amount of sun at noon. On sandy soils, the most advantageous location of the ridges is from east to west; in this case, the row spacing is in the shade of the plants and does not dry out so quickly. It is best to set up a bed of aromatic herbs near the house. It can be located in a relatively shaded place: dill, lemon balm, thyme, sage, horseradish tolerate shade well.

15. Near the playground you can arrange a children's garden.

Top Next Watercress grows very quickly, which brings great pleasure to the child. The location of the playground is on the leeward side of the house. From the side of the road, fence off the play area with a fence or dense plantings of trees and shrubs.

16. When planning, do not forget that any landscape, including the landscape of your garden, consists of individual forms.

The shapes of trees, flower beds, paths interact with each other, complementing each other. A round flowerbed with a diameter of 3 m looks good next to a flowerbed with a diameter of 1.5 m, but circles of the same diameter look rather bland next to it. Two-dimensional shapes (such as an irregular lawn) work well with three-dimensional ones (a group of shrubs). Therefore, for example, lay a path along the edge of a round lawn, on the other side of which plant a line of round-shaped shrubs. The shapes of a circle and a sphere emphasize each other well. Avoid an abundance of regular shapes in the garden. Try to make sure that the trees are not equally tall.

17. Any hedge, boundary, fence, or designated edge gives confidence and security.

But if you surround a very small garden with impressive walls, you will feel like you are in a cage. The most acceptable solution is to create a hedge or hedge from traditional materials: combine a low wall of natural stone, a palisade of plastered logs with compact groups of deciduous trees and dense shrubs. A geometrically trimmed hedge reflects the desire for order. A blank wall of trees and shrubs is good if you have a dull landscape from the porch of your house. A sense of security is given not only by a fence, but also by any other, even conditional, limitation of space: a row of low bushes, thick log, groove. Avoid tall, pointed hedges as they look menacing.

18. When landscaping a site, laying out a garden, remember that forms affect the human psyche and have their own symbolism.

Round shapes create the impression of closedness (for example, a lawn in the form of a semicircle, which is divided by a radius-path from the house to the gate. As soon as the gate is opened, the circle breaks). Curved lines are the living embodiment of harmony (it’s more beautiful when the path “winds” than directly tends to the goal). It is believed that emphatically vertical forms (juniper, pyramidal poplar, cypress) exacerbate the feeling of fear. Complex combinations of small forms awaken curiosity (miniature gardens, complex patterns of paths and floors). The static nature of horizontal lines is calming, just as water is calming. Gardeners XVIII century were convinced that geometric shapes, based on straight lines, were an expression of the intelligence embodied in nature. A strictly square lawn, limited space by four similar hedges, and square flower beds give the landscape seriousness and restraint.

19. Carefully mowed lawn, moss, spaces paved with stones or tiled, emphasize the shape of the relief, creating the illusion of expanding space.

A lawn is a good backdrop for a particularly beautiful or intricately curved tree, statue, or flowering bush. Trees growing in the far corner of the garden should not be specially shaped in a special way - they will not be noticeable anyway. Cool colors and bright light expand the space, twilight and warm colors narrow it. Plants with a pleasant aroma should be placed in close proximity to the house, near a bench, or at the gate. The floor on the veranda or terrace can be laid smooth ceramic tiles. If you are tiling part of the area outside the house, it is better to use untreated, “antique” ceramics.

20. When planning a summer cottage plot of about 8 acres in size, you can rely on a diagram illustrating this advice:

80 m2 of beds plus 30 m2 of greenhouses will fully satisfy your needs for vegetables, except potatoes. On the east side of the lawn, plant a spreading tree under which you can place a bench. Between the house and the street there is a small fruit or ornamental tree, and near the entrance to the garage there is a low bush. On the southern wall of the garage is a heat-loving climbing plant. To the west of the veranda are spices. Between the largest tree, the playground and the green hedge are shade-tolerant flowers and shrubs. On the playground there is a sandbox, a horizontal bar, and a swing. A row of low- and medium-growing trees or berry bushes separates the lawn from outbuildings (if any are needed) and compost pits, which cannot be avoided. Along the southern and southeastern edges of the site there are raspberries, blackberries, quinces, and a fence. hedge on the eastern side it forms rose hips, currants, gooseberries with hawthorn, lilac, jasmine and other shrubs.

The recreation area is quite spacious, and most importantly, secluded and cozy. From the west, it can be decorated with a hedge of “trimmed” bushes, stones, or a thick log near the fence. On the south side of the lawn there is a barbecue grill, between the hedge and the vegetable garden there is a bathhouse.