Do-it-yourself longitudinal cutting of stone wool with a string. Recommendations from experts on working with mineral wool insulation

The construction of any house involves minimizing heat losses. This problem is solved using various types insulation materials, among which mineral wool is considered the most popular.

It is distinguished by its reliability and long service life, as it perfectly resists fire and rotting. Get acquainted with the main technical characteristics mineral wool can be found on the website http://www.minvatka.com.

Insulation classification

Mineral wool is a product that has a fibrous structure. This allows you to achieve high-quality heat and sound insulation.

There are several types of such insulation:

Glass mineral wool. The product is made from thin threads of molten glass.
Stone mineral wool. The main component of this substance are melts of various rocks.
Slag mineral wool is obtained from blast furnace slag.

All types of this insulation emit into the air fine particles fibers and phenol-formaldehyde resins. This can be the cause of various diseases. To minimize the impact of these substances, when laying it, it is isolated using special films.

Cutting tools

Processing mineral wool is not very complicated, which allows you to do all the work yourself. You can cut insulation with several tools:

Stationery knife. Suitable only for thin sheets of material.
Hacksaw for metal. With its help you can process wool with a thickness of more than 50 mm.
Special knives. Outwardly, they largely resemble saws with fine teeth. But at the same time they do not move to the side and are located in one line.
Bread knife. In the absence of any other tool, this product can also handle mineral wool perfectly.

It should be noted that all blades must be very sharp. This will minimize the pulling of fibers from the mat structure. Experts recommend cutting before the roll is unrolled.

If you need to obtain elements of complex shapes, then it is better to use special cutting machines. They can process cotton wool not only in a straight line, but also in a circle. This is very important, especially in industrial production. If this is a one-time task, then purchasing such a tool will be inappropriate and it is better to use available material.

It is important to consult with a professional before cutting to minimize the cost of sheets used.

The biggest loss of heat from houses and buildings occurs through the roof of the house. This is hardly noticeable on the lower floors of buildings, but more heat is needed to heat the upper floors.

To insulate the roof, you need to choose the optimal material option. It must not only be airtight, but also fire resistant and non-toxic.

Taking into account such requirements, mineral wool will be the best option.

There are varieties of mineral wool: glass and basalt. The latter is made from rock - gabbro-basalt. During production, carbonates are added to it, which allows you to regulate its acidity.

Basalt wool

A factor such as acidity is of great importance for mineral wool. The more acidic the cotton wool is, the less sensitive it is to water.

The type of cotton wool in which the acidity is higher is considered more durable. Synthetic, bituminous or composite clays are added to give shape. Glass wool does not require much explanation; its name speaks for itself.

This mineral composition, for the manufacture of which the same components are used as for glass (this can be broken glass).

The two types of wool differ in their properties. Glass wool is usually 15 microns thicker (from 3 microns), but basalt wool is several times longer.

The conclusion suggests itself: glass wool is a more durable material that can withstand more aggressive environmental factors than basalt. Also, glass wool does not burn.

Insulating a roof with mineral wool is difficult when working on roof slopes with a rafter structure. In such cases, it is better to use thick cotton wool. To prevent moisture from accumulating under the roof, you need to use cellulose wool.

Advantages and features of mineral wool

Mineral wool has the following advantages:

wide range of products. Mineral wool is produced in the form of slabs, rolls or mats. Due to this, it is possible to choose the option that is best suited for thermal insulation of a certain area of the building. Also, types of mineral wool differ in density: material in the form of slabs has a high density, and roll insulation is lighter;

has high thermal insulation characteristics. Mineral wool has a porous structure. This material consists of small layers. Due to this, it retains heat well and also provides excellent sound insulation;

fire safety of the material. Mineral wool does not burn and does not spread fire. For this reason, it is often used for thermal insulation of interfloor ceilings. Manufacturers of mineral wool claim that this material can withstand temperatures above 900 degrees Celsius;

mineral wool does not deform, and this is a very important advantage. This material does not shrink, therefore, there is no formation of “cold bridges” that cause heat loss;

frost resistance. This property allows the use of mineral wool for thermal insulation of external elements of a building;

mineral wool is an environmentally friendly material. It is used for thermal insulation of health resorts and medical institutions, as well as children's rooms.

This insulation is produced in various forms– plates, cylinders, mats; You can buy cotton wool covered with foil.

Mineral wool has features that cannot be called positive. These include:

low strength. This is due to the high porosity of mineral wool;

to ensure a high level of thermal insulation, this material should be used together with a waterproofing film and a vapor barrier membrane;

when using mineral wool with fiberglass, it becomes unsafe because formaldehyde is added to it;

high hygroscopicity (therefore high waterproofing is done).

To attach such insulation, planks are nailed to the inside of the rafters (they are used to make a lattice), to which the cotton wool will be attached. On the outside, cotton wool is laid in one layer (the layers depend on the thickness of the wool).

After laying the insulation, waterproofing is applied. It is important at this stage not to confuse the sides of the insulation. Upper layer does not allow moisture to pass through, and the lower one is an obstacle to steam.

The waterproofing is not stretched; an air space remains between it and the wool. There should be air space in front of the skate, which will create additional traction.

Insulation method

To start insulating the roof with mineral wool, you need to cut it (if necessary) so that it fits in size to the distance between the rafters.

If cotton wool is used, for example 10 cm, and the thickness of the thermal insulation is more than 10 cm, then another layer of wool is laid perpendicular to the rafters. There are two ways to strengthen the roof of non-residential premises.

The first is to insulate the floor, and the second is to strengthen the roof slopes. The first case does not require any special preparation or special costs.

There is no need to go around the rafters, as in the second case. Strengthening the roof slopes of non-residential premises is thus costly. A large amount of wool will be required, which must be strengthened by going around the rafters.

Mineral wool grades

Mineral wool is produced in the form of mats and slabs. It is used for thermal insulation of ceilings, partitions, roofs, partitions, as well as interior walls. When working with this material, as a rule, no special problems arise. Mineral wool can be laid not only on a flat surface, but also on a non-standard surface.

Mineral wool grade p-75

There are the following brands of mineral wool, which differ from each other in their density:

P-75. Mineral wool of this brand has a density of 75 kg/m3. It is usually used for thermal insulation of horizontal surfaces that are not subject to heavy loads (some types of roofing, attic spaces). This brand of wool is also used for insulation of oil and gas pipes, as well as pipes of heating plants. Mineral wool of lower density is also produced, but it is used in cases where there is almost no load.
P-125. This material has a density of 125 kg/m3. It is used for thermal insulation of partitions, ceilings, floors and interior walls of the room. Mineral wool of this brand creates good sound insulation. Therefore, when using it, you can not only insulate the building, but also create good sound insulation.
PZh-175. This is a dense material with increased rigidity. It is used to insulate floors and walls made of profiled metal or reinforced concrete.
PPZh-200. Mineral wool of this brand has increased rigidity. Used in the same cases as PZh-175. The difference between PPZh-200 and the previous brand is that it is fireproof.

How to cut mineral wool?

It is advisable to cut stone wool insulation with a special knife with a serrated blade or a hacksaw. The tool used for these purposes must be well sharpened.

This is necessary to ensure that there are as few torn insulation fibers as possible. Many manufacturers of thermal insulation materials offer customers special cutting tools. These are knives whose length is approximately 300 millimeters, as well as saws with straight teeth.

If you don’t have special tools, you can use a kitchen bread knife with a wavy edge and fine teeth. For cutting 50 mm thick mats and soft boards, you can use a regular mounting knife.

It's important to note that thermal insulation material should cover the insulated space very tightly. Therefore, it is necessary to leave allowances before cutting.

Thermal insulation of the floor

Interfloor and attic floors are made of load-bearing beams or reinforced concrete. In the first case, the heat insulator is placed in the space between the floor beams, and in the second - on the surface of the slabs.

Insulation of the attic floor

First of all, it is necessary to install a vapor barrier. It will protect the thermal insulation from moisture and steam. Before laying the vapor barrier film, you must study the instructions for its use. If the vapor barrier is installed incorrectly, it will not perform its tasks.

Flat roofs are usually insulated with rigid mineral wool slabs, the density of which is more than 150 kg/m3. A layer of waterproofing is laid on top of it. The slabs must be laid very tightly to each other. In this case, the seams should not be located on the same line. The optimal thickness of the mineral wool layer is 25 centimeters.

You can also insulate interfloor and attic floors using sawdust. They are used together with sand, clay, lime and cement. The composition provides good thermal insulation.

Expanded clay is also often used to insulate the attic. This material contains a large number of pores, due to which the thermal insulation function is ensured.

When using these materials, financial costs will be lower, and the quality of thermal insulation will be no worse than in the case of mineral wool insulation. When choosing insulation, you should take into account the height and area of the building, the materials from which it is built and other parameters.

Video about thermal insulation of attic floors:

Insulation of pitched roofs

To insulate the roof with mineral wool, it is necessary to install steam-hydro- and thermal insulation. The pitched part of such a roof is a multi-layered pie. It can be installed both inside and outside the roof.

To create high-quality thermal insulation of the roof, you must perform the following steps:

install a vapor barrier layer. It will protect thermal insulation from air saturated with moisture;

use mineral wool as a thermal insulation material;

for guard rafter system and insulation from atmospheric precipitation a layer of waterproofing should be installed;

it is necessary to provide a ventilation gap. It is created by installing a counter-lattice;

At the last stage, the roofing material is laid.

Laying a waterproofing membrane

When insulating the roof of a building with mineral wool, you must ensure that it does not block the ventilation hole.
If during installation work If a superdiffusion membrane is used, the heat insulator should be placed tightly on it. This is necessary so as not to block the ventilation gap.
If a regular roofing film is used, then it is necessary to make two gaps: at the top and at the bottom.
When laying mineral wool slabs in rows, care must be taken to ensure that the joints do not coincide with each other.
In order for the insulation to fit tightly to the surfaces of the rafter legs, it is necessary to choose mineral wool of such a size that its width is slightly larger than the distance between the rafters.
Mineral wool slabs must fit very tightly to each other.
When insulating a roof with mineral wool, it is necessary to install a layer of waterproofing. In this case, it is necessary to monitor the quality of the connection of the waterproofing film.

Installation errors

Before installing mineral wool, you must perform the following steps:

check the truss structure. If there are rotten elements, they must be replaced;

treat the roof with antiseptics;

check communication systems: water supply and electricity;

It is best to insulate a pitched roof with material in the form of slabs or rolls, since they fit well onto the sheathing.

There must be a ventilation space between the mineral wool layer and the roofing material. When insulating a pitched roof in a private house, not only thermal insulation is provided, but also sound insulation.

Inexperienced specialists often make the following mistakes:

You should not use a heat insulator whose width is less than the distance between the rafters. In this case, heat loss will occur through the cracks;

You should not insulate the roof with material containing high level humidity. This will cause rotting of the wooden elements of the rafter frame;

If you do not install hydro- and vapor barriers, the thermal insulation system will not work properly, and its service life will be significantly reduced.

Video on how to insulate a roof from the inside with your own hands:

Main characteristics

Mineral wool is one of the best, simplest and most common materials for insulation and soundproofing of walls and ceilings today, and is also known in some other areas of application. In addition, it is easy to install, meaning you can insulate the premises yourself.

Many people do not know how to cut mineral wool correctly without disturbing its structure; in this material we will look at all the ways to properly cut mineral wool, and also recommend the tools that are best suited for this.

What types of mineral wool are there?

Mineral wool is usually classified according to the material from which it is made. This leads to the conclusion that mineral wool, made from different starting materials, differs in structure - fibers, and, accordingly, in the type of cutting. So there are the following types of mineral wool:

Glass mineral wool. Consists of glass melts.
Stone mineral wool. It is most often made from various rock melts.
Slag mineral wool. The starting material is blast furnace slag.

In fact, you should pay attention to the fact that sometimes mineral wool can be harmful. This is due to the fact that it contains dust and phenol-formaldehyde resins. Therefore it is necessary to refer to this material selectively, although mineral wool cannot be classified as a human carcinogen.

How to cut mineral wool:

Cutting mineral wool can be done either independently at home or using various equipment. Equipment for cutting mineral wool boards can be different. The question is one of scale. The mineral wool cutting machine is suitable for serious and large scale applications - for enterprises, manufacturers, etc. But a knife for cutting mineral wool will become an indispensable assistant in cutting insulating materials at home.

It is important that cutting mineral wool does not damage the fibres, so equipment must be selected carefully. The cut should be smooth. At home, cutting rolls of mineral wool (the so-called “50s”) will be convenient using a cutting knife, but for large ones (“100s”) a special hacksaw for insulation will be convenient. At the beginning, its price may seem unreasonably high, but it is worth it. It is important that the work is done properly. Circular cutting of mineral wool can be convenient. A mineral wool cutting machine can easily cope with such a task.

How to cut mineral wool:

If you don’t know how to cut mineral wool at home, we can advise you on excellent tools that are best suited for cutting mineral wool.

So, for cutting mineral wool the best thing a good one will do, a sharp stationery knife or a hacksaw, carefully cut the mineral wool in the required directions; for greater accuracy, you can draw lines with a pencil or cut directly along a ruler. The process of cutting mineral wool is somewhat similar to cutting paralon, only you need to apply a little more effort, pressing a little harder on the tool for cutting mineral wool.

What to do with scraps and remnants of mineral wool.

One of the solutions may pleasantly please many (especially firms and large manufacturers). Mineral wool scraps are not useless and can be useful for those who decide to insulate their walls and ceilings in budget option. Trimmings can be sold at a low price, and the demand for the product will be very high.

It is also possible to recycle scraps of mineral wool boards. In this case, using special equipment, the remains of mineral wool slabs are crushed into granules with the possibility of further reuse.

Mineral insulation has a fibrous structure, the violation of which leads to a decrease in thermal insulation properties. This makes it ineffective to use scissors for thick fabrics or cardboard, as well as table or stationery knives for cutting it. Therefore, the answer to the question of how to cut mineral wool correctly without disturbing its structure will be useful for beginning builders.

What will we cut with?

On an industrial scale, special machine equipment is used to cut mineral insulation. Let's consider how to cut mineral wool insulation yourself at home.

Often a mounting knife is used to cut mineral wool. But it has one drawback - a short blade, which is not suitable for working with thick insulation boards. In addition, the blade quickly becomes dull and requires replacement.

Sometimes a special hacksaw is used for wood or metal, and craftsmen have found a way to cut mineral wool at home - a kitchen serrated knife for cutting bread.

But still, when choosing how to cut stone, glass or slag wool, it is better to use special tools.

Knife with stainless steel blade

Knife for cutting insulation with a long blade made of durable of stainless steel Suitable for working with mineral wool of any thickness. To cut insulation of different hardness, larger and smaller teeth are located on each side. This blade easily penetrates the thickness of the slab, allowing you to make even shaped cuts thanks to its sharp tip.

Knife with carbon steel blade

The mineral wool cutting knife with a carbon steel blade has high quality cutting and easy to sharpen. However, it requires more careful care compared to a stainless steel blade, as it is susceptible to rust. It must be wiped dry after each use and lubricated.

For example: MORA knife for cutting mineral wool

The Swedish company MORA produces tools for cutting mineral insulation. A knife with a stainless steel blade is used for cutting stone and glass mineral wool. The blade is made of special cold-rolled stainless steel and has a serrated sharpening. The ergonomic and comfortable plastic handle is suitable for working with gloves. Its characteristics:

total length - 500 mm;
blade length - 335 mm;
blade thickness - 1 mm;
weight - 0.238 kg.

A knife with a carbon steel blade is used for cutting mineral insulation different types. It has a smooth blade made of high-quality carbon steel with a length of 350 mm. Plastic handle Provides good grip when wearing work gloves.

How to cut mineral wool

Mineral wool has a fiber structure, and accordingly, when it is cut, small particles of these fibers enter the air. To prevent them from getting into the respiratory tract and onto the skin, it is important to create safe conditions works:

provide good ventilation in the workroom;
use special clothing and protective equipment - overalls, gloves, mask or respirator, goggles;
immediately after finishing work, wash thoroughly cold water hands and then face.

To minimize the amount of harmful dust in the air, cutting mineral wool should be done with tools with a well-sharpened, sharp working edge. It is better to cut across the grain.

To obtain strips of the same width, mineral insulation produced in rolls is recommended to be first cut directly in the roll, without unfolding, and the mineral wool slabs are cut one at a time.

To ensure smooth and precise cuts, you must first mark the material or cut directly along a ruler.

What to do with scraps and remains of mineral wool

If there are scraps left after working with mineral wool, you can use them to insulate, for example, a garage or shed. Some people choose this budget option for insulation, so they can sell the leftovers at a low price.

There is also the option of recycling waste for recycling. In this case, the remains of mineral wool slabs are crushed using special equipment.

Cutting mineral wool video

The video shows cutting mineral wool with a special tool.

uteplix.com

Overview of mineral wool cutting tools

There are always a lot of questions about what and how to cut mineral wool. Especially for those who are going to build housing on their own (for example, frame housing, which involves assembling it yourself). After all, in its structure it is a fibrous material, which also has a certain thickness. Ordinary table knives or scissors designed for cutting cardboard or thick fabrics are completely unsuitable here.

However, before you start cutting mineral wool, it is important to deliver it correctly to the construction site. Indeed, otherwise, the material, brought to the state of defect, will not have to be cut, but simply replaced with a new one. And these are additional costs.

How to transport insulation correctly

The science is simple, but very important. So:

slabs and mats are transported horizontally;
the truck must have a protective awning;
transportation is carried out only in packaged form;
during transportation, loading and unloading operations, it is important not to compress the insulation too much;
unpack the mineral wool immediately before starting insulation work.

What will we cut with?

This can be done with different devices, depending on the thickness of the mineral wool.

Thin materials (no more than 50 mm):

Denser and thicker materials:

special knives about 300 mm long. They are often offered by manufacturers of insulating materials. This tool has teeth different sizes for cutting mineral wool of different thicknesses and densities;
saws with straight teeth;
hacksaw for metal;
cutting machines. Used when cutting elements of complex shapes. However, for independent construction of your own house, that is, for one-time use, it is not advisable to purchase such expensive equipment - you will have to adapt to the capabilities of other tools.

How to cut

at self-construction, when workers do not have sufficient experience, it is advisable to consult with specialists before cutting, especially if the presence of pieces of complex shape is expected. This will help prevent unnecessary consumption of insulation;
the cutting tool must be well sharpened so that the mineral wool does not tear into fibers and generates less dust;
when cutting insulation, it should be taken into account that in order to ensure a tight covering of the insulated space with mineral wool, it is necessary to leave allowances of about 2 cm;
It is better to cut rolled mineral wool before unrolling it;
mineral wool slabs must be removed from the packaging and cut one at a time;
It is not recommended to cut mineral wool “for future use” - for the entire volume of work at once. This increases the risk of accidental damage to its shape when additional shifting from place to place or stacking pieces on top of each other.

It is important to create a safe working environment

This is really important. As in any business, following simple safety precautions will help maintain health and carry out work in optimal timing and at a high quality level. What you need to pay attention to:

It is better to cut insulation in cool weather, since for work it is necessary to wear a protective suit made of dense material, which will prevent skin contact with the fibers of the mineral wool and its irritation;
To protect your hands, wear special gloves - with silicone or rubber coating on the palms;
To protect your eyes you will need special glasses;
The respiratory system will be protected by a respirator.

Such measures must be observed, since when cutting insulation, particles of material rise into the air from under the knives. Which can get into the eyes, respiratory tract, and also cause skin irritation.

In addition, it is important to remember:

when working with this type of insulation, you need to periodically take a break, during which you ventilate the room;
the cut pieces must be rearranged carefully, without throwing them, in order to reduce the amount of fibrous suspension in the air;
There should be no children on the construction site at this time, even in protective equipment.

As can be seen from the above, there is nothing overly complicated in cutting mineral wool. If you follow the indicated rules, it will not be difficult to perform the work efficiently and safely.

remontami.ru

How to cut mineral wool correctly

What types of mineral wool are there?

Glass mineral wool. Consists of glass melts.
Stone mineral wool. It is most often made from various rock melts.
Slag mineral wool. The starting material is blast furnace slag.

In fact, you should pay attention to the fact that sometimes mineral wool can be harmful. This is due to the fact that it contains dust and phenol-formaldehyde resins. Therefore, it is necessary to treat this material selectively, although mineral wool cannot be classified as a human carcinogen.

How to cut mineral wool:

If you don’t know how to cut mineral wool at home, we can advise you on excellent tools that are best suited for cutting mineral wool.

So, for cutting mineral wool, a good, sharp stationery knife or a hacksaw is best suited; carefully cut the mineral wool in the right directions; for greater accuracy, you can draw lines with a pencil or cut directly along a ruler. The process of cutting mineral wool is somewhat similar to cutting paralon, only you need to apply a little more effort, pressing a little harder on the tool for cutting mineral wool.

What to do with scraps and remnants of mineral wool.

One of the solutions may pleasantly please many (especially firms and large manufacturers). Mineral wool scraps are not useless and can be useful for those who decide to insulate their walls and ceilings on a budget. Trimmings can be sold at a low price, and the demand for the product will be very high.

It is also possible to recycle scraps of mineral wool boards. In this case, using special equipment, the remains of mineral wool slabs are crushed into granules with the possibility of further reuse.

bazaltovaya-vata.ru

How to work with mineral wool

To protect against small particles, it is better to work with mineral wool wearing gloves and a respirator.

In this article we will not touch on the advantages and disadvantages of the popular insulation material called mineral wool. Many articles have been written on this subject on the Internet, but not everyone writes about how to work with mineral wool, and if they do, it’s in passing. About the harm that this causes to human health construction material Even many scientific works have been written, so the question: how to work with mineral wool while maintaining your health is far from idle. And to understand it, you first need to know the composition of this material. And here it is worth recalling that mineral wool has three types: glass wool, slag wool and stone wool.

In the production of glass wool, the same material is used as for glass production, as well as waste from the glass industry. If we take into account that the raw materials for the production of glass wool are limestone, sand, borax, soda and dolomite, then the content of cullet in the structure of the material reaches up to 80%. When working with glass wool, fragility of the fibers is formed in the form of small sharp particles that fall on the human body, respiratory organs and eyes. Therefore, when working with glass wool, it is imperative to use protective equipment such as a respirator, safety glasses, thick gloves, and clothing that covers all parts of the body. If, for some reason, you fail to adhere to the following rules:

If dust gets onto an open area of the body, there is no need to itch. Because by doing so you will drive small particles further into the body.
Using caution, you need to shake off the glass wool. Moreover, if you are indoors, you need to do this over a dry bath, and if you are outdoors, shake yourself in the direction of the wind.
Take a cool shower, but never hot, without using a washcloth, soap or various sponges.
After a shower, do not dry yourself with a towel; wait until you dry.
If glass wool gets into your eyes, try to rinse them with cold water. If nothing helps and there is pain in the eyes, consult a doctor. At critical condition eye, you should immediately call an ambulance.
The same applies to the respiratory tract. If after working with glass wool you have a persistent cough, difficulty breathing or other problems, go to the doctor.
It is best to immediately throw away the clothes you worked in. No matter how much you shake it out and wash it, glass wool particles will still remain in it.

Knife for cutting mineral wool

Slag is produced from blast furnace slag waste during iron smelting. If you compare slag wool with glass wool, both contain brittle fibers with the only difference being that in glass wool they have the nature of glass, and in slag wool they have the nature of slag. Which ultimately makes the latter no less harmful than the former.

The same applies to stone wool, or as it is also called basalt wool, because it is made by melting basalt when heated to 1500 º C. Here the role of sharp and small fibers falls on frozen basalt threads. Among other things, slag and stone wool contain phenol-formaldehyde resins, which are also very harmful to health. Therefore, all the precautions inherent in working with glass wool apply to both stone and slag wool.

All types of mineral wool are used to insulate the facades of buildings, but in no case should this material be used to insulate walls and ceilings indoors.

From personal experience you can add the following:

a) cutting mineral wool is most convenient with a sharp knife with a long blade; b) it is advisable to work with mineral wool together, because this makes it easier to handle it carefully; c) cover the cotton wool fixed to the wall with protective plastic film, and only then attaches the lining, MDF panels or something else.

remontzhilya.ru

How to cut basalt insulation and how to lay it on the surface?

Today, manufacturers offer a sufficient number of insulation materials. Each of these materials is used in certain conditions and has its own price. However, the most popular are insulation materials that provide optimal heat retention and have a long service life. Second no less important point- cost, which should be acceptable. A material such as mineral wool meets these requirements. Its use does not involve the use of special tools or devices. You can solve the problems of how to select and secure the material and how to cut basalt insulation yourself.

Scheme of insulation of the roofing pie system.

Operational features of basalt wool

Basalt and other rocks of its group are used for production. Thin fibers are taken, into the melt of which limestone (10-15%) or charge is added. Additives increase the resistance of the material to excessive high temperature, aggressive environment. The result was an insulation material with sufficiently high performance characteristics:

Scheme of basalt insulation.

thermal insulation and hydrophobization. The first parameter is from 0.042 to 0.048 W/mK. Other well-known insulation materials (for example, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam) have approximately the same characteristics. Mineral wool is not able to accumulate moisture (hygroscopicity is less than 1%), which makes its weight unchanged. Distinctive feature can be called vapor permeability, which guarantees insulation and at the same time intensive moisture exchange between the external environment and the walls of the building;
density, strength. The insulation has sufficient density (from 30 to 100 kg/cubic m), which guarantees high thermal insulation properties with optimal strength. The rigidity of the material is ensured by the direction of the fibers; they are located in horizontal and vertical directions;
soundproofing. Good characteristics noise protection is achieved due to the porous structure of the wool;
resistance to aggressive environments. Vata is “indifferent” to alkali and acids; does not rot, is not affected by fungus. Rodents also avoid this insulation;
fire resistance. Basalt wool can withstand heating up to +700°C. This protects the structure from complete destruction in a fire and gives time for residents to evacuate;
health safety. In production, resins containing harmful substances (formaldehyde, phenol) are used. However, adherence to the technology requires their introduction into the insulation composition in a chemically bound state. The substances become completely neutral in relation to the environment and do not pose a danger to humans.

However, if mineral wool is produced by handicraft methods, then there is a health hazard. Therefore, it is more advisable to purchase material from trusted manufacturers.

To achieve the required thermal insulation flat roof, mineral wool slabs are sometimes laid in two layers.

Soundproofing wooden floor granulated mineral wool can provide.

Slabs with ventilation grooves are practical.

Slabs with variable cross-sections are used to give the roof a slope for water drainage.

Two-layer mineral wool insulation is also used in used attics.

Lamellar mineral wool board is used primarily for insulating walls in “wet” type insulation systems.

If the building is one-story, there is no need to leave a ventilation gap in the three-layer wall.

The broken lines applied to the surface of mineral wool products greatly simplify the cutting and measuring process.

Mineral wool slabs must be precisely trimmed so that after installation, cracks do not form between them, acting as “cold bridges.”

Soft, resilient mineral wool is excellent for sound insulation frame walls and insulation of walls from the inside.

How much mineral wool insulation is in one pack?

The mats are rolled into rolls, the slabs are packed into packs of several pieces depending on the thickness of the slab. Typically, one pack occupies a volume of about 0.3–0.4 m3 and weighs from 10 to 70 kg. To find out how many packs are needed to perform insulation, just go online to the manufacturer’s website or look at its catalog: there are tables with calculations for slabs and mats of all types and sizes.

Insulation - under the knife

Mineral wool insulation is cut with a long sharp knife or hacksaw. It is necessary to leave an allowance: about 0.5 cm in slabs and 1–2 cm in mats, so that after installation the material tightly fills the insulated space. Rolled insulation is easier to cut before it is unrolled than after. It is better to cut the slabs one at a time, each separately.

Transportation and storage

Mineral wool insulation materials must be transported in closed vehicles. They must be well protected from precipitation and well secured during transportation. Mineral wool mats and felts are compressed in packages during transportation and storage, which significantly reduces the volume they occupy. It is necessary to protect mineral wool from moisture, so it is better to store it in dry, closed areas. The slabs are stacked one on top of the other in stacks no higher than 2 m, and the mats and rolls are installed vertically in one row. You should avoid walking on hard slabs and you should absolutely not walk on laid out soft mineral wool - it can be easily damaged.

It is important to know

Safety precautions when working with mineral wool

Mineral wool is a dust-emitting material. Therefore, during its cutting and installation it is necessary:

wear gloves and protective clothing;
When laying slabs, wear safety glasses and a mask over your mouth and nose;
ensure good ventilation in the workplace;
After finishing work with mineral wool, wash your hands thoroughly and remove dust from clothes.

svestnik.kz

Scheme of basalt insulation.

thermal insulation and hydrophobization. The first parameter is from 0.042 to 0.048 W/mK. Other well-known insulation materials (for example, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam) have approximately the same characteristics. Mineral wool is not able to accumulate moisture (hygroscopicity is less than 1%), which makes its weight unchanged. A distinctive feature is vapor permeability, which guarantees insulation and at the same time intense moisture exchange between the external environment and the walls of the building;

To cut basalt insulation, it is best to use a mounting knife.

Insulation scheme using basalt wool.

Based on materials from the site: http://1poteply.ru

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What will we cut with?

On an industrial scale, special machine equipment is used to cut mineral insulation. Let's consider how to cut mineral wool insulation yourself at home.

Sometimes a special hacksaw is used for wood or metal, and folk craftsmen have found a way to cut mineral wool at home - a kitchen serrated knife for cutting bread.

Knife with stainless steel blade

Knife for cutting insulation with a long blade made of durable stainless steel suitable for working with mineral wool of any thickness. To cut insulation of different hardness, larger and smaller teeth are located on each side. This blade easily penetrates the thickness of the slab, allowing you to make even shaped cuts thanks to its sharp tip.

Knife with carbon steel blade

Mineral wool cutting knife with carbon steel blade has high cutting quality and is easy to sharpen. However, it requires more careful care compared to a stainless steel blade, as it is susceptible to rust. It must be wiped dry after each use and lubricated.

For example: MORA knife for cutting mineral wool

The Swedish company MORA produces tools for cutting mineral insulation. Knife with blade stainless steel is used for cutting stone and glass mineral wool. The blade is made of special cold-rolled stainless steel and has a serrated sharpening. The ergonomic and comfortable plastic handle is suitable for working with gloves. Its characteristics:

total length - 500 mm;
blade length - 335 mm;
blade thickness - 1 mm;
weight - 0.238 kg.

Knife with blade Carbon steel is used for cutting different types of mineral insulation. It has a smooth blade made of high-quality carbon steel with a length of 350 mm. The plastic handle provides a good grip when wearing work gloves.

How to cut mineral wool

ensure good ventilation in the work area;
use special clothing and protective equipment - overalls, gloves, mask or respirator, goggles;
Immediately after finishing work, thoroughly wash your hands and then your face with cold water.

To minimize the amount of harmful dust in the air, cutting mineral wool should be done with tools with a well-sharpened, sharp working edge. It is better to cut across the grain.

To obtain strips of the same width, mineral insulation produced in rolls is recommended to be first cut directly in the roll, without unfolding, and the mineral wool slabs are cut one at a time.

To ensure smooth and precise cuts, you must first mark the material or cut directly along a ruler.

What to do with scraps and remains of mineral wool

There is also the option of recycling waste for recycling. In this case, the remains of mineral wool slabs are crushed using special equipment.

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Necessary information for working with mineral wool

The specificity of the installation of mineral wool, its transportation and storage is to provide the conditions necessary to preserve its qualities for the longest possible time. Typically, recommendations are given by manufacturers for a specific brand and type of material, however, there are a number of simple universal rules that must be followed when working specifically with mineral wool.

Basalt mineral wool: transport and store correctly

Transportation with subsequent storage has its own characteristics, since mineral wool for insulation can quickly absorb moisture from the air. Therefore, transporting it in closed vehicles with subsequent storage in dry rooms is a prerequisite to prevent loss of the most important qualities.

Mats should be transported and stored compressed and in packages - this makes it possible to reduce the occupied volume.

The slabs should be laid in stacks less than 2 m high; roll packages and mats should be installed in a vertical position.

It is prohibited to walk on laid out and unpackaged mineral wool, as it may be damaged.

Cutting mineral wool

Today you can buy mineral wool both in rolls and in the form of slabs and mats. To adjust it to the required size, you should use a sharp long knife or hacksaw, leaving allowances along the edges (in mats 1-2 cm, in slabs 0.5 cm). Allowances are necessary to completely fill the cut piece of mineral wool into the insulated space.

It is easier to cut mineral wool in rolls before unrolling it, and it is better to cut the slabs individually.

Amount of insulation

Packaging of mineral wool is done by rolling mats of the same size into rolls, while slabs in a pack can be different quantities depending on their thickness. On average, a pack has a volume of 0.3-0.4 m 3, its weight is 12-70 kg.

To calculate the number of packs of such insulation, you can use catalogs provided by manufacturers on the Internet. There are tables for the most accurate calculation required material(both in the form of slabs and mats of various sizes).

Safety precautions when working with mineral wool

You should know that there are special safety precautions when working with this material, which prevents its negative impact on human health: basalt mineral wool emits dust, which is extremely dangerous for people working with it.

When cutting and further installing this insulation, the following rules should be observed:

use protective clothing made of thick fabric and construction gloves;
When laying slabs, wear special glasses over your eyes and a protective mask over your face;
After work, be sure to wash your hands, change clothes or clean them thoroughly.

Good ventilation in the workplace avoids negative influence dust from mineral wool on human health.

Since the technical characteristics of mineral wool from different manufacturers can vary significantly, there are several practical advice, making it possible to obtain high-quality insulation for any initial mineral wool data.

These include:

When insulating a flat roof, mineral wool should be laid in two layers.
To increase the degree of sound insulation, it is recommended to use granulated mineral wool.
The most practical are slabs with ventilation grooves.
When constructing a one-story building, a three-layer wall may not have a ventilation gap.
Used attics are most often insulated with two layers of mineral wool.
Precise cutting of mineral wool slabs guarantees the absence of cracks and the likelihood of “cold bridges” occurring.

The presence of broken lines on the insulation boards facilitates the process of measuring and subsequent cutting.

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Operational features of basalt wool

Basalt and other rocks of its group are used for production. Thin fibers are taken, into the melt of which limestone (10-15%) or charge is added. Additives increase the resistance of the material to excessively high temperatures and aggressive environments. The result is an insulation material with fairly high performance characteristics:

thermal insulation and hydrophobization. The first parameter is from 0.042 to 0.048 W/mK. Other well-known insulation materials (for example, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam) have approximately the same characteristics. Mineral wool is not able to accumulate moisture (hygroscopicity is less than 1%), which makes its weight unchanged. A distinctive feature is vapor permeability, which guarantees insulation and at the same time intensive moisture exchange between the external environment and the walls of the building;
density, strength. The insulation has sufficient density (from 30 to 100 kg/cubic m), which guarantees high thermal insulation properties with optimal strength. The rigidity of the material is ensured by the direction of the fibers; they are located in horizontal and vertical directions;
soundproofing. Good noise protection characteristics are achieved due to the porous structure of the wool;
resistance to aggressive environments. Vata is “indifferent” to alkali and acids; does not rot, is not affected by fungus. Rodents also avoid this insulation;
fire resistance. Basalt wool can withstand heating up to +700°C. This protects the structure from complete destruction in a fire and gives time for residents to evacuate;
health safety. In production, resins containing harmful substances (formaldehyde, phenol) are used. However, adherence to the technology requires their introduction into the insulation composition in a chemically bound state. The substances become completely neutral in relation to the environment and do not pose a danger to humans.

However, if mineral wool is produced by handicraft methods, then there is a health hazard. Therefore, it is more advisable to purchase material from trusted manufacturers.

External wall insulation technology

Insulating the façade with cotton wool is done using glue and special dowels with a large head. The material is supplied in the form of rolls or slabs, which are cut into pieces of the required size. You will also need a metal profile or wooden blocks between which the insulation will be fixed. You can cut the material with an ordinary sharpened knife. However, if the density is high enough (80-100 kg/cubic m), then you will have to cut it using a hacksaw. Insulation of the facade is carried out in the following order:

a vapor barrier film is attached to the wall; it must release moisture under the mineral wool slabs and prevent cold air from entering the house;
then wooden blocks or a metal profile are attached to the wall in a vertical position. Their width should correspond to the thickness of the insulation. The interval between the posts should be such that the mineral wool is inserted with little effort;
The insulation is fastened with glue and special dowels if the wall is stone, or with nails (screws) with large washers if the surface is wooden. For 1 sq. m you need 5-6 pieces;
It is recommended to lay a windproof membrane on the fixed basalt wool, the joints of which are taped with adhesive tape;
to ensure ventilation under subsequent decorative coating It is advisable to make a counter-lattice over the slabs from wooden blocks or metal profile 10-15 mm high.

This technology is suitable when facade insulation under siding is required. However, in some cases, for example, in multi-story buildings, it is necessary to secure the insulation more firmly. In this case, it is additionally fixed to the surface with glue, and reinforcement is carried out at the same time. This operation strengthens the structure and dampens the thermal expansion of the material, which can contribute to the formation of cracks and increase thermal conductivity.

Reinforcement is made on the already installed insulation using special glue and mesh that is resistant to alkali. First, glue is applied on which the mesh is laid, then it is covered with another layer of adhesive. Final decorative finishing can be made using facade paint, decorative plaster.

Features of installing mineral wool insulation

The manufacturer produces the material in the form of rolls or slabs. Mineral wool insulation is used for walls, roofing or interior partitions. In the latter case, mainly to achieve good soundproofing parameters of the structure. During installation, the requirements for insulation are taken into account, which you need to know before purchasing:

installation in a sloping roof involves the use of wool with a density of at least 30-40 kg/cu. m, otherwise the material will simply sag over time. Recommended thickness - 15 cm;
the arrangement of partitions should be carried out using mineral wool with a density of 50 kg/cubic. m. Increased density is needed to ensure high-quality noise insulation;
Load-bearing walls are best insulated from the outside, because this will bring the dew point, where condensation will form, to the outside of the wall. The density of the material must be at least 80 kg / cubic meter. m, and thickness - 10 cm.

Modern mineral wool is a high-quality insulation material that has been tested for decades. Current technologies have made this material completely safe for installation and operation, and its technical characteristics, combined with cost, leave its closest competitors behind.

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What types of mineral wool are there?

Glass mineral wool. Consists of glass melts.
Stone mineral wool. It is most often made from various rock melts.
Slag mineral wool. The starting material is blast furnace slag.

How to cut mineral wool:

If you don’t know how to cut mineral wool at home, we can advise you on excellent tools that are best suited for cutting mineral wool.

So, for cutting mineral wool A good, sharp utility knife or hacksaw is best; carefully cut the mineral wool in the right directions; for greater accuracy, you can draw lines with a pencil or cut directly along a ruler. The process of cutting mineral wool is somewhat similar to cutting paralon, only you need to apply a little more effort, pressing a little harder on the tool for cutting mineral wool.

What to do with scraps and remnants of mineral wool.

One of the solutions may pleasantly please many (especially firms and large manufacturers). Mineral wool scraps are not useless and can be useful for those who decide to insulate their walls and ceilings on a budget. Trimmings can be sold at a low price, and the demand for the product will be very high.

It is also possible to recycle scraps of mineral wool boards. In this case, using special equipment, the remains of mineral wool slabs are crushed into granules with the possibility of further reuse.

bazaltovaya-vata.ru

Today a method has been developed to obtain special type insulation - stone wool made from basalt. Twenty years ago, such mineral wool was used exclusively for the needs of the defense industry, but today this insulation is widely used for thermal insulation of any buildings.

Mineral wool does not contain such harmful substances. environment components such as acrylic and phenol-formaldehyde resins. It consists only of natural binders, therefore it is safe for humans. This thermal insulation material not only perfectly retains heat, but also allows you to create reliable sound insulation of rooms. Basalt mineral wool is becoming more and more popular and has already been tested by time, but people still have a lot of questions regarding technological issues, which we will try to focus on in this article.

How to properly attach mineral wool?

IN in this case it all depends on the type of insulation and the type of structure on which the insulation is mounted. Lightweight grades of mineral wool are installed in frame structures by surprise Rigid mineral wool boards are fastened with special dowels or fixed using special adhesives.

When fastening the surface, mineral wool is placed very tightly in a pre-assembled frame made of slats and bars. wooden frame. The thickness of the frame must correspond to the thickness of the insulation. The interval between the slats is 1.5-2 cm less than the width of the mineral wool, which does not allow the material to slide during operation. The mats are installed starting from the bottom of the structure, and the rolls from the top. In this case, solid pieces are laid first, and free space, for example, near doors or windows, is filled later.

High-density mineral wool is often installed without intermediate/support beams. It is completely wrapped behind the frame and pressed against the frame without any gap. load-bearing structure, after which, for safety reasons, they are fixed with dowels with a wide head, that is, the so-called “dish-shaped” dowels. In such a system, frame elements are placed on top of the insulating layer and press the wool against the wall; in addition, brackets that pass through the mats help to hold the insulation in place.

When using the method of bonded thermal insulation (wet method), frames are not used at all, so adhesives must be used as fastening. In this case, you will have to purchase a dry mixture, but it must be intended for gluing mineral wool insulation. Recently, polyurethane glue in cylinders has become increasingly popular, which allows you to mount dense mineral wool to any base, including wood, metal, and polymer. This technology also involves the use of disc dowels. We discussed in more detail the features of gluing insulation in articles on adhesive compositions and wet insulation of facades.

What is the best way to cut mineral wool?

It is recommended to cut thermal insulation materials from stone wool with a hacksaw or with a sharp long knife specially designed for this purpose, the blade of which is serrated. In any case, the equipment must be well sharpened so that as few fibers are pulled out as possible. Many companies that produce insulation also offer their customers cutting tools: knives about 300 mm long, as well as saws with straight teeth, about 60 cm long. In the absence of special devices for such purposes, kitchen bread knives with fine teeth work well and a wavy edge. Thin soft boards and mats (50 mm) can be cut with a regular mounting knife.

It is best to cut mineral wool produced in rolls before unrolling them. And mineral wool slabs are taken out of the packs and cut one at a time. It should be remembered that when installing thermal insulation, the insulation must fill the entire insulated space very tightly, so allowances should be left before cutting: for slabs - 0.5 cm; and for mats - about 1-2 cm.

Is it true that mineral wool needs to be protected from moisture and wind?

During the operation of insulated buildings, their walls, roofs and other structures should be protected from increased atmospheric humidity and from blowing by strong winds. Therefore, after installation, mineral wool insulation is covered from the outside with sheets of vapor-permeable, moisture- and windproof membrane. This allows you to prevent cold winds and drops of slanting rain from penetrating into the thickness of the wall. In this case, water vapor from the internal space, passing through the walls through diffusion, will be able to exit outside without obstacles.

The undoubted advantage of mineral wool is its vapor permeability, and this property should be used to the maximum. When installing mineral wool thermal insulation materials between load-bearing wall and there is no need to install a vapor barrier with insulation, since such sealing will negatively affect the climate inside the building. The lack of artificial ventilation in this case will lead to increased humidity and the formation of condensation, which, in turn, will cause the formation of mold and fungi.

A vapor barrier film must be used when installing thermal insulation indoors - in this case it is installed on the warm side of the mineral wool. This allows you to protect the insulation from water vapor from the premises. Reinforced polyethylene can be used as a vapor barrier, which is placed between the insulation and the cladding.

If the design allows, between the insulation and exterior decoration It is imperative to provide a ventilated air gap. This will help keep the mineral wool dry without reducing the vapor permeability of the building.

What to do if you need to use a 15 or 20 cm layer of wool, but the insulation is supplied 5 or 10 cm thick?

There is nothing complicated here. You need to calculate the required thickness using formulas or using an online calculator (we talked about this in the last article), and then you can easily create an insulating barrier from several layers. In addition, this method allows you to easily eliminate the problem of the formation of cold bridges and blowing of joints. To do this, when installing insulation, the sheets of the outer and inner layers should be shifted relative to each other by 20-30 mm in order to reliably cover the seams.

Is it necessary to use protective equipment? Which?

Mineral wool is considered a safe thermal insulation material, both during operation and during installation. However, when working with this insulation for a long time, it is still better to protect yourself by using personal protective equipment.

Stone wool, compared to glass wool, is much more convenient to use and safer, but you should still be careful when installing it. It is best to work on cool days in overalls made of thick fabric, covering the entire body from contact with mineral wool. Touch this material with bare hands not recommended; to protect them, you can use “glazier gloves” - fabric ones with rubber or silicone coating in the palm area. It is also imperative to protect your eyes and scalp. To protect the respiratory system, wear a respirator.

During the installation of stone wool, you should take a break to ventilate the room. Open packs of material must be moved carefully, preventing them from falling, so that microparticles do not escape from them. There should be no children or people not using protective equipment on the construction site during installation of thermal insulation.

Are there any nuances in transportation and storage?

Mineral wool insulation should be stored in whole packages on a flat, dry surface; the height of the stacks should not exceed 2 meters. Stacks are made in closed spaces protected from rain and humidity. If mineral wool is stored outdoors, it should be covered with plastic wrap or a tarpaulin.

Mats and insulation boards are transported horizontally in covered trucks. During transportation, the insulation must be protected from mechanical damage and precipitation. During loading, unloading and transportation, the material should not be compressed too much.

You need to unpack mineral wool correctly. To do this, remove the insulation from the packaging immediately before installation, which significantly reduces the risk of damage to the thermal insulation. Insulation packaging can be used on a construction site when laying out mineral wool (when you need to protect it from contamination); it is also suitable as bags for construction waste.

Which cotton wool is better?

There is no definite answer to this question, since different conditions the best option there will be different types of material.

Basalt soft wool. It is used where high loads are not expected. This material can be used to insulate walls made according to frame technology, as well as for thermal insulation of floors and roofs. The fact that cotton wool is soft does not mean that its performance characteristics are poor. It is simply made from thin fibers, which ensures that the insulation contains many cavities in which air is retained, preventing heat loss.

Mineral wool of medium hardness (density). It is used mainly for insulating ventilated facades, where high-speed air flows are created in the air cavities. It is also used for fire prevention measures, sound and heat insulation of ventilation ducts. Medium-density mineral wool can be installed without problems instead of soft basalt wool, but the cost of thermal insulation will be more expensive.

Hard basalt wool. This insulation is used in places where high loads are possible. For example, where it is planned to insulate walls with reinforcement and plastering (wet method) or when creating certain types of floors.

Cylindrical insulation for pipes. They are usually produced with a diameter of more than 50 mm. They come in the form of slotted pieces that can be unrolled and slid onto the pipe, or two-piece models that fit together on the pipe.

Foil basalt wool. This thermal insulation material is characterized not only by low heat transfer, but also reflects heat, directing it indoors. Mineral wool can be covered with foil on one or both sides. When laying, the heat insulator is installed with the foil side facing the heat source. The scope of application of this insulation is quite extensive; it is considered a universal material, suitable for all methods and types of thermal insulation.

Stitching cotton wool. It consists of very durable mats, one side of which is lined/reinforced with steel mesh (galvanized, stainless, fire-resistant, acid-resistant). The sheets can be of different thicknesses and can be used to perform various types of thermal insulation. Stitched wool is usually non-flammable, so it can be used to insulate surfaces with elevated temperatures(up to plus 660-700 degrees).

Important technical characteristics mineral wool is its specific density. Insulation, the density of which is up to 75 kg per cubic meter, is ideal for thermal insulation of surfaces where heavy loads are not expected, for example, for installation in ceilings in attics and roofs. Low-density basalt wool is often used for wrapping pipes in heating plants, boilers and similar components/communications.

Stone wool, whose density is up to 125 kg per cubic meter, holds its shape well and is excellent for insulating ceilings, walls inside buildings, and various vertical structures. It is used for thermal insulation brick walls, as well as surfaces made of foam block or aerated concrete. Mineral wool of this specific density allows not only to insulate a building, but also to ensure its reliable sound insulation.

High-density basalt wool - from 175 to 200 kg per cubic meter is also characterized by increased rigidity, hence the abbreviation in its name (PPZh). Such insulation is used for thermal insulation of initially too cold planes - reinforced concrete, sheet metal. The PPZH-200 brand is also excellent for providing additional protection for residential buildings against fire. Only high-density mineral wool can be installed using wet facade insulation technology.