Declension table for nouns in Czech. Czech grammar online services

To nouns male in Czech there are nouns that end in:

hard consonant: brambor, pilot, dům, pes
to a soft consonant: nůž, konec, boj, kříž
some animate nouns ending in a vowel: neposeda, přednosta, škůdce, soudce

The masculine gender in Czech is divided into animate And inanimate nouns This affects the endings of nouns when we work with cases. Feminine and average are not divided into animate and inanimate.

Plural. Animated

Kdo? Co? Who? What?	pan ové pan i	muž i	předsed ové	soudc ové soudc i	Jiř í
Koho? What? Whom? What?	pan ů	muž ů	předsed ů	soudc ů	Jiř ich
Koho? Co? Whom? What?	pan y	muž e	předsed y	soudc e	Jiř í

Following the example of the word pan– pan ové(pán i) the words will be declined: syn, právník, lev, student, president, voják.

Following the example of the word muž– muž ové(muž i) the words will be declined: ředitel, držitel, uklízeč, cizinec, rodič.

Following the example of the word předseda– předsed ové the words will be inclined: bandita, starosta, kolega, hrdina, policista.

Following the example of the word soudce–soudc ové(soudc i) the words will be declined: správce, dárce, zrádce, vládce, průvodce.

Following the example of the word Jiří– Jiř í the words will be inclined: krejčí, průvodčí, vedoucí, výpravčí, dozorčí.

It may be noted that the plural in the case "Who? What?" we got by adding the ending to the word -ové or -i.

Plural. Inanimate

Kdo? Co? Who? What?	hrad y	stroj e
Koho? What? Whom? What?	hrad ů	stroj ů
Koho? Co? Whom? What?	hrad y	stroj e

Following the example of the word hrad the words will be inclined: most, strom, obchod, pas, stůl, balkon.

Following the example of the word stroj the words will decline: počítač, cíl, míč, klíč, čaj, měsíc.

Now, in order to use our time even more rationally, we will put an adjective in front of these nouns in these three cases and see what endings it takes.

Inanimate masculine nouns in the plural are characterized by the ending -é : strom y(trees) jsou mlad é (young) .

Animate masculine nouns in the plural are characterized by the ending -í : muž i(men) jsou mlad í (young) .

From the topic Adjectives in Czech. Masculine. The singular number we know that in the Czech language there is also the so-called. "soft adjective"– it is characterized by a soft ending -í .

The most commonly used adjectives of this group are: mobilní, právní, cizí, krajní, denní, noční, místní, lokální, státní, poslední, finanční, ostatní, první, třetí.

Soft adjectives are not inflected for number or gender.

So, in order to distinguish by what type we need to decline an adjective in the plural, we need to put the adjective from the plural into the singular - soft adjectives will remain with the ending -í , and solids in singular will get their characteristic -ý .

You can double-check yourself on any word in the Czech language on the website slovnik.seznam.cz.

With adjectives everything is very simple.
We enter them into our tables and get:

Kdo? Co? Who? What?	mlad í /ciz í	pan ové pan i	muž i	předsed ové (husite)	soudc ové soudc i	Jiř í
Koho? What? Whom? What?	mlad ých/ciz ich	pan ů	muž ů (přátel)	předsed ů	soudc ů	Jiř ich
Koho? Co? Whom? What?	mlad é /ciz í	pan y	muž e	předsed y	soudc e	Jiř í

Kdo? Co? Who? What?	velk é /prvn í	hrad y	stroj e
Koho? What? Whom? What?	velk ých/prvn ich	hrad ů	stroj ů
Koho? Co? Whom? What?	velk é /prvn í	hrad y	stroj e

Declension of nouns "days", "people", "guests"– frequently used words in the Czech language:

Kdo? Co? Who? What?	velk é /velcí/prvn í	dn y/dn i	lid é	host é
Koho? What? Whom? What?	velk ých/prvn ich	dn í /dn ů	lid í	host ů
Koho? Co? Whom? What?	velk é /prvn í	dn i dn y	lid i	host y

In the masculine plural in Czech adjectives, in addition to endings, you need to pay attention to the changes in letters in the word itself:

Similar endings:

As in Russian, cases correspond to different prepositions.

Whom? What? (Genitiv = 2. pád)

od– odcházím od kamarádů (I'm leaving my friends)
do– do lesů (to the forest), nastupujte do vozů (go into the cars)
bez– bez partnerů (without partners)
krom(ě)– kromě manželů (except for husbands)
misto– místo rublů vezmi dolary (use dollars instead of rubles)
suble– suble zákonů (according to laws)
podel / kolem– kolem hradů (around fortresses)
about– okolo zámků (near/around the castles)
u– u domů (at the houses)
vedle– zastávky vedle obchodů (stops near shops)
během– během vikendů (during weekends/weekends)
help– pomocí šroubováků (using screwdrivers)
za– za starých časů (in old times)

Whom? What? (Akuzativ = 4. pád)

pro– dárky pro muže (Presents for men)
před– dej stoly před televizi (place tables in front of the TV)
mimo – (past, outside of something, except, besides someone / something, besides, on top of something)– ochrana dřevin rostoucích mimo lesy (protection of trees growing outside the forest), mimo soudy (not for ships)
na– pověste oblečení na věšáky (hang clothes on hangers)
pod(e)– všechno padá pod stoly (everything falls under the tables)
o– zvýšit o 2 stupně (increase by 2 levels), boje o poháry (fights for cups)
po– jsem po kotníky ve vodě (I’m up to my ankles (ankle - m. r.) in the water)
v– věřit v zákony (believe in laws)

The Czech language is treacherous and complex - a significant share of problems falls on grammar and diacritics, because of which you can become discouraged and put an end to the development of the language.

Fortunately, there are a number of online services that, with the wave of a magic wand, will decline the words you need by case and arrange all the gacheks and charkas. God forbid you use them in the future - these services should help you understand the language faster, make fewer mistakes, and not deceive teachers at all.

Declension by case

The basis of grammar is the declension of words in all cases. The entire annual course covers the study of cases, but foreigners begin to speak and write completely correctly, at best, only after years of staying in the country. If you are writing something serious and don’t want to make a mistake, you can check yourself using case declension services. I consider the best solution to be one as part of the website “Internetová jazyková příručka” (Russian. Online Language Guide) from the Institute of the Czech Language of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, because it is dictionary-based and therefore does not require specifying word attributes.

Usage is as easy as shelling pears - first insert the text without diacritics or with partially placed diacritics:

Then we press the button and the service magically places the glasses and gacheks. Words with controversial spellings are underlined in red so that you can manually check them.

By analogy with this service, you can use the more ascetic nlp.fi.muni.cz/cz_accent/ from the Faculty of Informatics of Masaryk University. In addition, if you need to perform the opposite operation (remove diacritics), you can use http://textmod.pavucina.com/odstraneni-diakritiky.

Total

Many of the above services are used even by Czechs, so don’t be shy about going to them when you don’t have a definite answer. Of course, don’t forget about , they will save you from many typos and simple mistakes.

Many of the sites listed contain additional information. tools, reference sections on Czech grammar and therefore you will probably find other useful aspects for yourself in them. If you know useful services for Czech grammar and I didn’t mention them in the article, write in the comments, let’s make the world a better place.

Please do not use the services for homework or exams, as... This is not only dishonest, but also stupid - you pay money to learn a language, but in the end your computer learns instead of you. Write correctly!

We know from school that in the Russian language the gender of a noun is not determined in the plural. Due to the fact that in Russian this gender coincides, and the endings of plural nouns do not depend on the gender of the singular noun (machine - machines ami, bus - bus ami), then for the correct declension of a noun, by and large, it doesn’t matter to us what kind of singular noun it is. In the Czech language the situation is somewhat different. Declension (and therefore endings) of plural nouns depends depending on what kind given noun. Further, the ending is also influenced by animation, but that’s not about that now.

Yes, of course, in the Czech language most plural nouns retain their gender in the plural. The exceptions are the following 5 words:

Dítě, děti

The question about the gender of the noun dítě (child, child) often comes up in Czech language tests. In the singular dítě is neuter (to dítě) and is declined like kuře, but in the plural the form děti is feminine (ty děti) and is declined like kost. Let's see why you need to know this.

If you forget about the fact that děti - female, and adhere to the standard rule, it turns out that in the sentence Děti běhali na zahradě. (The children were running around the garden.) The verb běhali will have the ending -i (supposedly because dítě is an animate noun), but this is not so. Now we know that in the plural děti behaves as if díte is a feminine noun, which means that in the above sentence the correct verb ending is -y, i.e. Děti běhal y na zahradě.

Oko, oči

The noun oko (eye) is neuter (to oko) and is declined like město. In the plural, however, there are two forms: oka and oči. What is the oka shape? The fact is that oko means not only an eye, but also a loop (for example, when knitting), a mountain lake, or even a circle of butter in soup. If we are not talking about eyes, the plural of oko is oka. Now back to the gender of the noun. If we are not talking about eyes and the form oka is used, then the neuter gender is retained in the plural (ta oka). If we are talking about eyes, then the form oči changes its gender to feminine (as if oko in the singular is a feminine noun) and is declined following the example of the noun kost:

Má krásné oči.(wrong: Má krásná oči.) - He/she has beautiful eyes.

Ucho, uši

When declension of the noun ucho, exactly the same rule applies as in the case of the noun oko. If we are talking about an ear that is not an organ (for example: ucho hrnce - the handle of a pot, ucho jehly - the eye of a needle), then the neuter gender is preserved in the plural (Hrnec s velkými uchy.) If we are talking about an organ, then uši - female:

Tvůj dědeček má velké uši.(wrong: velká uši, velká uchy) - Your grandfather has big ears.

Hrabě, hrabata

The noun hrabě (count) is masculine (ten hrabě - this count), but is declined following the example of kuře, which is neuter. In the plural (hrabata) we decline again following the example of kuře (ta hrabata!).

Kníže, knížata

The noun kníže (prince) in the singular is masculine, but, like hrabě, it is declined following the example of kuře, i.e. as if it were neuter. And in the plural it is declined, like kuře, that is, as if it were neuter.