Where was Pavlov born? Pavlov Ivan Petrovich: life, scientific discoveries and merits! Other biography options

At all times, the Russian land was famous talented people, who were capable of performing both a military feat and a great scientific discovery. Each such person deserves the closest attention from the public. One of these scientists is Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, whose brief biography will be studied in as much detail as possible in the article.

Birth

The future brilliant scientist was born on September 26, 1849 in the city of Ryazan. The ancestors of our hero, both on the father’s side and on the mother’s side, devoted their entire lives to serving God in Russian Orthodox Church. Ivan’s dad’s name was Pyotr Dmitrievich, his mother’s name was Varvara Ivanovna.

Education

In 1864, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, whose biography is of interest to numerous readers even many years after his death, successfully graduated from theological seminary. However, while studying in his last year at this educational institution, he read a book about brain reflexes, which completely changed his consciousness and worldview.

In 1870, Pavlov became a full-time student at the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University. This is largely due to the fact that former seminarians in those days were very limited in choosing their future fate. But literally two weeks later he transferred to the natural department. Ivan chose the study of the physiology of various animals as his specialization.

Scientific activity

Being a follower of Sechenov, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (his biography contains many interesting facts) for ten years sought to obtain a gastrointestinal tract fistula. The scientist also experimented with cutting the esophagus so that food would not enter the stomach. Thanks to these experiments, the researcher found out the nuances of the secretion of gastric juice.

In 1903, Pavlov acted as a speaker at an international conference in Madrid. And the very next year the scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for deep study functional features glands of the digestive system.

Loud performance

In the spring of 1918, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, whose brief biography can give the reader an idea of his impressive contribution to science, gave a course of vital lectures. In these scientific works, the professor spoke about the human mind in general and the Russian mind in particular. It is worth noting that in his speeches the scientist very critically analyzed the subtleties and nuances of the Russian mentality, especially noting the lack of intellectual discipline.

Temptation

There is information that during the period of civil armed confrontation and total communism, which did not allocate any money to Pavlov for research, he received an offer from the Swedish Academy of Sciences to move to Stockholm. In the capital of this Scandinavian state, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (his biography and his merits are respected) could receive the most comfortable conditions for his scientific work. However, our great compatriot categorically rejected this proposal, citing the fact that he loves his native land and has no intention of moving anywhere.

After some time, the top Soviet leadership issued an order to build an institute near Leningrad. The scientist worked in this institution until 1936.

Curious moment

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (the biography and interesting facts of the life of this academician cannot be ignored) was a very big fan of gymnastics, and in general was an ardent supporter healthy image life. That is why he created a society in which die-hard fans of exercise and cycling gathered. In this circle, the scientist was even the chairman.

Death

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (a short biography does not allow us to describe all his merits) died on February 27, 1936 in Leningrad. The cause of death, according to various sources, is considered to be pneumonia or the effects of poison. Based on the will of the deceased, he was buried according to Orthodox canons in a church in Koltushi. After this, the body of the deceased was transported to the Tauride Palace, where an official farewell ceremony was held. Near the coffin there was a guard of honor from among scientific workers of various educational institutions and members of the Academy of Sciences. The scientist was interred in a cemetery called Literatorskie Mostki.

Scientific contribution

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, whose biography and scientific achievements did not go unnoticed by his contemporaries, even after his death had a significant impact on medicine. The deceased professor truly became a symbol of Soviet science, and his achievements in this area were considered by many to be a real ideological feat. Under the guise of “protecting Pavlov’s legacy,” a session of the USSR Academy of Sciences was held in 1950, at which many luminaries of physiology were subject to serious persecution, expressing their vision of some of the fundamental positions of research and experiments. To be fair, it should be said that such a policy ran counter to the principles that Pavlov professed during his lifetime.

Conclusion

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, whose brief biography is given above, had many awards. In addition to the Nobel Prize, the scientist was awarded the Kotenius Medal, the Copley Medal and the Kroon Lecture.

In 1935, the man was recognized as the “elder of physiology of the world.” He received this title during the 15th International Congress of Physiologists. Let us point out that neither before nor after him, not a single representative of biology was able to receive the same title and was not so famous.

“Remember that science demands from a person his whole life. And if you had two lives, they would not be enough for you.”
I.P. Pavlov

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (September 27, 1849, Ryazan - February 27, 1936, Leningrad) - physiologist, creator of the science of higher nervous activity and ideas about the processes of regulation of digestion; founder of the largest Russian physiological school; laureate of the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1904 “for his work on the physiology of digestion.”

Biography

Ivan Petrovich was born on September 27 (14), 1849 in the city of Ryazan. Pavlov's ancestors on his father's and mother's sides were church ministers. Father Pyotr Dmitrievich Pavlov (1823-1899), mother Varvara Ivanovna (née Uspenskaya) (1826-1890).

Pavlov, as a follower of Sechenov, worked a lot on nervous regulation. Because of intrigues, Sechenov had to move from St. Petersburg to Odessa, where he worked for some time at the university. His chair at the Medical-Surgical Academy was taken by Ilya Faddeevich Tsion, and Pavlov adopted Tsion’s masterly surgical technique. Pavlov devoted more than 10 years to obtaining a fistula (hole) of the gastrointestinal tract. It was extremely difficult to perform such an operation, since the juice pouring out of the intestines digested the intestines and the abdominal wall. I.P. Pavlov stitched the skin and mucous membranes together in such a way, inserted metal tubes and closed them with plugs that there were no erosions, and he could receive pure digestive juice throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract - from the salivary gland to the large intestine, which he did on hundreds of experimental animals. Conducted experiments with imaginary feeding(cutting the esophagus so that food does not enter the stomach) and imaginary defecation(intestinal looping by suturing the end of the colon with the beginning of the duodenum), thus making a number of discoveries in the field of reflexes for the release of gastric and intestinal juices. Over the course of 10 years, Pavlov essentially re-created the modern physiology of digestion. In 1903, 54-year-old Pavlov made a report at the International Physiological Congress in Madrid. And the next year, 1904, the Nobel Prize for research into the functions of the main digestive glands was awarded to I.P. Pavlov - he became the first Russian Nobel laureate.

In the Madrid report, made in Russian, I.P. Pavlov first formulated the principles of the physiology of higher nervous activity, to which he devoted the next 35 years of his life. Concepts such as reinforcement, unconditioned and conditioned reflexes (not entirely successfully translated into English language how unconditioned and conditioned reflexes, instead of conditional) became the basic concepts of behavioral science.

In 1919-1920, during the period of devastation, Pavlov, suffering poverty and lack of funding scientific research, refused the invitation of the Swedish Academy of Sciences to move to Sweden, where he was promised to create the most favorable conditions for life and scientific research, and in the vicinity of Stockholm it was planned to build, at Pavlov’s request, the kind of institute he wanted. Pavlov replied that he would not leave Russia anywhere. Then a corresponding decree of the Soviet government followed, and Pavlov was built a magnificent institute in Koltushi, near Leningrad, where he worked until 1936. I.P. Pavlov trained a galaxy of outstanding scientists: B.P. Babkin, A.I. Smirnov and others.

After his death, Pavlov was turned into an idol of Soviet science. Under the slogan of “protecting Pavlov’s heritage,” the so-called “Pavlovian session” of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Academy of Medical Sciences was held in 1950 (organizers K. M. Bykov, A. G. Ivanov-Smolensky), where the country’s leading physiologists were persecuted. This policy, however, was in sharp contradiction with Pavlov’s own views, see, for example, his quotes...:

“We lived and live under an unrelenting regime of terror and violence<...>. I see most of all the similarities between our life and the life of ancient Asian despotisms<...>. Spare your homeland and us” (quoted from: Artamonov V.I. Psychology in the first person. 14 conversations with Russian scientists. M.: Academy, 2003, p. 24).
“We live in a society where the state is everything, and the person is nothing, and such a society has no future, despite any Volkhovstroi and Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Plants” (speech at the 1st Medical Institute in Leningrad on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of I. . M. Sechenova, cited by: Artamonov V. I. Psychology from the first person. 14 conversations with Russian scientists. M.: Academy, 2003, p.

Stages of life

In 1875, Pavlov entered the 3rd year of the Medical-Surgical Academy (now the Military Medical Academy), and at the same time (1876-78) worked in the physiological laboratory of K. N. Ustimovich; After graduating from the Military Medical Academy (1879), he was left as head of the physiological laboratory at the Botkin clinic.

1883 - Pavlov defended his doctoral dissertation “On the centrifugal nerves of the heart.”
1884-86 - was sent abroad to improve his knowledge to Breslau and Leipzig, where he worked in the laboratories of R. Heidenhain and K. Ludwig.
1890 - elected professor and head of the Department of Pharmacology at the Military Medical Academy, and in 1896 - head of the Department of Physiology, which he headed until 1924. At the same time (since 1890) Pavlov was the head of the physiological laboratory at the then-organized Institute of Experimental Medicine.
1901 - Pavlov was elected a corresponding member, and in 1907 a full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
1904 - Pavlov is awarded the Nobel Prize for his many years of research into the mechanisms of digestion
1925 - until the end of his life, Pavlov headed the Institute of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
1936 - February 27, Pavlov dies of pneumonia. He was buried on the Literary Bridges of the Volkov Cemetery in St. Petersburg.

The following were named after Pavlov:

Ivan Pavlov is one of the most prominent scientific authorities in Russia, and what can I say, in the whole world. Being a very talented scientist, throughout his life he was able to make an impressive contribution to the development of psychology and physiology. It is Pavlov who is considered the founder of the science of higher nervous activity in humans. The scientist created the largest physiological school in Russia and made a number of significant discoveries in the field of regulation of digestion.

short biography

Ivan Pavlov was born in 1849 in Ryazan. In 1864, he graduated from the Ryazan Theological School, after which he entered the seminary. In his last year, Pavlov came across the work of Professor I. Sechenov, “Reflexes of the Brain,” after which the future scientist forever connected his life with serving science. In 1870, he entered the Faculty of Law at St. Petersburg University, but a few days later he was transferred to one of the departments of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. Department of Medical-Surgical Academy, which long time was led by Sechenov, after the scientist was forced to move to Odessa, she came under the leadership of Ilya Zion. It was from him that Pavlov adopted the masterly technique of surgical intervention.

In 1883, the scientist defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic of centrifugal cardiac nerves. Over the next few years, he worked in the laboratories of Breslau and Leipzig, led by R. Heidenhain and K. Ludwig. In 1890, Pavlov held the positions of head of the department of pharmacology of the Military Medical Academy and head of the physiological laboratory at the Institute of Experimental Medicine. In 1896, the Department of Physiology of the Military Medical Academy came under his care, where he worked until 1924. In 1904, Pavlov received the Nobel Prize for his successful research into the physiology of digestive mechanisms. Until his death in 1936, the scientist served as rector of the Institute of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Pavlov's scientific achievements

A distinctive feature of Academician Pavlov’s research methodology was that he connected the physiological activity of the body with mental processes. This connection has been confirmed by the results of numerous studies. The scientist’s works describing the mechanisms of digestion served as an impetus for the emergence of a new direction - the physiology of higher nervous activity. It was to this area that Pavlov devoted more than 35 years of his scientific work. His mind came up with the idea of creating a method conditioned reflexes.

In 1923, Pavlov published the first edition of his work, in which he describes in detail more than twenty years of experience in studying the higher nervous activity of animals. In 1926, near Leningrad, the Soviet government built a Biological Station, where Pavlov launched research in the field of genetics of behavior and higher nervous activity of anthropoids. Back in 1918, the scientist conducted research in Russian psychiatric clinics, and already in 1931, on his initiative, a clinical base for studying animal behavior was created.

It should be noted that in the field of knowledge of brain functions, Pavlov made perhaps the most serious contribution in history. Application of it scientific methods made it possible to lift the curtain on the mystery of mental illness and outline possible ways their successful treatment. With the support of the Soviet government, the academician had access to all the resources necessary for science, which allowed him to conduct revolutionary research, the results of which were truly stunning.

Greetings to all readers who are interested in psychology! Today we will talk about an outstanding scientist, a physician, who devoted his life to the study of reflexes and made a huge contribution to the knowledge of the human nervous system, although he worked with dogs. It is not for nothing that Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is considered a representative of the largest modern school of physiology.

Life and scientific activities

Ivan Pavlov is a native of the city of Ryazan. Until the age of 21, he studied theology and planned to continue his father’s career (a parish priest), but he abruptly changed his direction and went to study at St. Petersburg University, where he began to study physiology and chemistry. If it were not for this turn in the fate of the remarkable scientist, we would not have been able to get acquainted with his theory of unconditioned and conditioned reflexes, and temperaments would continue to be distinguished by the fluid prevailing in the body, as Hippocrates bequeathed.

The interests of the young scientist were formed under the influence of outstanding specialists: Karl Ludwig and Rudolf Heidenhain. He was seriously interested in problems blood pressure, and when he turned 41 he became a real professor at the Imperial medical academy. These walls gave him the opportunity to study the connection between digestion and salivation, as well as conduct experiments on dogs. By the way, Pavlov was a wonderful surgeon, which helped him in setting up his experiments.

It was in the course of research where dogs were experimental subjects that Ivan Petrovich came to the theory of the conditioned reflex, and by 1930 he was able to transfer his knowledge to people suffering from psychosis. It is important to understand what he meant by conditioned reflex. This is the body’s reaction that occurs to a stimulus as a result of their repeated coincidence. Why did this discovery become so significant, and the very concept of “conditioned reflex” - the crown scientific activity Pavlova? Yes, because the learning process has become manageable and scientifically substantiated. And subsequently his ideas became the basis for the development of behavioral psychology (or behaviorism).

The scientist lived in difficult times; his relations with the Soviet government were very uneven. After visiting America (1923), he intensified his criticism of the communist regime and began to openly speak out against violence and arbitrariness of power. When in 1924 all students who had priestly fathers were expelled from his academy, he himself demonstratively left his post as a professor. Pavlov died in Leningrad in 1936.

Conditioned reflex theory

Pavlov's main work was the formation of conditioned reflexes using associations. In fact, everything is brilliantly simple. You can see this for yourself. When an unexpected sharp sound is heard, a person involuntarily flinches. This is his unconditioned reflex (automatic, innate) to an unconditioned stimulus. If we repeatedly encounter a situation where such a sharp sound occurs after a strong blow on the table with a fist, then it is quite logical that we will associate the sound (unconditioned stimulus) with the movement of the fist (already a conditioned stimulus), and begin to flinch even before the fist comes down on the table. This new reaction of the body will be called a conditioned reflex.

Experience with dogs

Initially, the scientist studied the digestive function of dogs. But by observing how the salivary glands of animals work, I discovered interesting fact. Dogs salivate when they see an edible product. And this is an unconditioned reflex. But the salivation of Pavlov’s dogs began already when an assistant in a white coat entered, carrying food for the experiments. The researcher rightly noted that the cause of the reflex was not the smell of food, but the appearance of a white coat (conditioned stimulus). He also successfully proved this through experiments.

Role for science

Of course, Pavlov became famous for his experiments with dogs, which were appreciated and recognized during his lifetime. It is remarkable that he was awarded the honorary title of “elder of physiologists of the world,” and this is a great honor for a scientist. Experts also appreciate his enormous contribution to understanding the functioning of the human nervous system (after all, the concepts of “strong nervous system” and “weak nervous system” are also his achievement). It was the researcher’s discoveries that made it possible to find new ways to treat anxiety disorders (phobias, panic attacks).

We met short biography scientist and the basic concepts of his theory. It is interesting that the knowledge that Pavlov gave us does not become outdated over the years. This makes them even more valuable and significant. I hope that the information that I tried to convey to you was clear enough even to non-specialists in the field of psychology. I will be glad to reposts and comments.

Until we meet again, with respect, Alexander Fadeev.

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Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (September 14 (26), 1849, Ryazan - February 27, 1936, Leningrad) - Russian scientist, the first Russian Nobel laureate, physiologist, creator of the science of higher nervous activity and ideas about the processes of regulation of digestion; founder of the largest Russian physiological school; winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1904 “for his work on the physiology of digestion.” He divided the entire set of reflexes into two groups: conditioned and unconditioned.

Ivan Petrovich was born on September 14 (26), 1849 in the city of Ryazan. Pavlov's paternal and maternal ancestors were clergy in the Russian Orthodox Church. Father Pyotr Dmitrievich Pavlov (1823-1899), mother Varvara Ivanovna (née Uspenskaya) (1826-1890).[* 1]

After graduating from the Ryazan Theological School in 1864, Pavlov entered the Ryazan Theological Seminary, which he later recalled with great warmth. In his last year at the seminary, he read a small book “Reflexes of the Brain” by Professor I.M. Sechenov, which changed his whole life. In 1870 he entered the Faculty of Law (seminarists were limited in the choice of university specialties), but 17 days after admission he transferred to the natural sciences department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University (he specialized in animal physiology with I. F. Tsion and F. V. Ovsyannikov ). Pavlov, as a follower of Sechenov, worked a lot on nervous regulation. Because of intrigues, Sechenov had to move from St. Petersburg to Odessa, where he worked for some time at the university. His chair at the Medical-Surgical Academy was taken by Ilya Faddeevich Tsion, and Pavlov adopted Tsion’s masterly surgical technique. Pavlov devoted more than 10 years to obtaining a fistula (hole) of the gastrointestinal tract. It was extremely difficult to perform such an operation, since the juice pouring out of the intestines digested the intestines and the abdominal wall. I.P. Pavlov sewed the skin and mucous membranes together in such a way, inserted metal tubes and closed them with plugs, that there were no erosions, and he could receive pure digestive juice throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract - from the salivary gland to the large intestine, which is exactly what happened he did it on hundreds of experimental animals. He conducted experiments with imaginary feeding (cutting the esophagus so that food did not enter the stomach), thus making a number of discoveries in the field of reflexes for the release of gastric juice. Over the course of 10 years, Pavlov essentially re-created the modern physiology of digestion. In 1903, 54-year-old Pavlov made a report at the XIV International Medical Congress in Madrid. And the next year, 1904, the Nobel Prize for research into the functions of the main digestive glands was awarded to I.P. Pavlov - he became the first Russian Nobel laureate.

In the Madrid report, made in Russian, I. P. Pavlov first formulated the principles of the physiology of higher nervous activity, to which he devoted the next 35 years of his life. Concepts such as reinforcement, unconditioned and conditioned reflexes (not entirely successfully translated into English as unconditioned and conditioned reflexes, instead of conditional) have become the main concepts of the science of behavior, see also classical conditioning (English) Russian.

There is a strong opinion that in the years Civil War and war communism, Pavlov, enduring poverty and lack of funding for scientific research, refused the invitation of the Swedish Academy of Sciences to move to Sweden, where they promised to create the most favorable conditions for life and scientific research, and in the vicinity of Stockholm it was planned to build such an institute at Pavlov’s request. wants. Pavlov replied that he would not leave Russia anywhere.

This was refuted by the historian V.D. Esakov, who found and published Pavlov’s correspondence with the authorities, where he describes how he desperately fights for existence in the hungry Petrograd of 1920. He assesses the development of the situation in the new Russia extremely negatively and asks to let him and his employees go abroad. In response, the Soviet government is trying to take measures that should change the situation, but they are not completely successful.

Then a corresponding decree of the Soviet government followed, and an institute was built for Pavlov in Koltushi, near Leningrad, where he worked until 1936.

Academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov died on February 27, 1936 in the city of Leningrad. The cause of death is listed as pneumonia or poison.

Stages of life

In 1875, Pavlov entered the 3rd year of the Medical-Surgical Academy (now the Military Medical Academy, Military Medical Academy), and at the same time (1876-1878) worked in the physiological laboratory of K. N. Ustimovich; After graduating from the Military Medical Academy (1879), he was left as head of the physiological laboratory at the clinic of S. P. Botkin. Pavlov thought very little about material well-being and before his marriage did not pay any attention to everyday problems. Poverty began to oppress him only after in 1881 he married Rostovite Serafima Vasilievna Karchevskaya. They met in St. Petersburg in the late 70s. Pavlov's parents did not approve of this marriage, firstly, due to Serafima Vasilievna's Jewish origin, and secondly, by that time they had already chosen a bride for their son - the daughter of a wealthy St. Petersburg official. But Ivan insisted on his own and, without receiving parental consent, he and Serafima went to get married in Rostov-on-Don, where her sister lived. The wife's relatives gave money for their wedding. The Pavlovs lived very crampedly for the next ten years. Ivan Petrovich’s younger brother, Dmitry, who worked as an assistant to Mendeleev and had a government-owned apartment, allowed the newlyweds to visit him.

Pavlov visited Rostov-on-Don and lived for several years twice: in 1881 after his wedding and, together with his wife and son, in 1887. Both times Pavlov stayed in the same house, at the address: st. Bolshaya Sadovaya, 97. The house has survived to this day. There is a memorial plaque on the façade.

1883 - Pavlov defended his doctoral dissertation “On the centrifugal nerves of the heart.”
1884-1886 - was sent abroad to improve his knowledge to Breslau and Leipzig, where he worked in the laboratories of W. Wundt, R. Heidenhain and K. Ludwig.
1890 - elected professor of pharmacology in Tomsk and head of the department of pharmacology of the Military Medical Academy, and in 1896 - head of the department of physiology, which he headed until 1924. At the same time (since 1890) Pavlov was head of the physiological laboratory at the then-organized Institute of Experimental Medicine.
1901 - Pavlov was elected a corresponding member, and in 1907 a full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
1904 - Pavlov is awarded the Nobel Prize for his many years of research into the mechanisms of digestion.
1925 - until the end of his life, Pavlov headed the Institute of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
1935 - at the 14th International Congress of Physiologists, Ivan Petrovich was crowned with the honorary title of “elder physiologists of the world.” Neither before nor after him, no biologist has received such an honor.
1936 - February 27, Pavlov dies of pneumonia. He was buried on the Literary Bridges of the Volkov Cemetery in St. Petersburg.

Cotenius Medal (1903)
Nobel Prize (1904)
Copley Medal (1915)
Croonian Lecture (1928)

Collecting

I. P. Pavlov collected beetles and butterflies, plants, books, stamps and works of Russian painting. I. S. Rosenthal recalled Pavlov’s story, which happened on March 31, 1928:

My first collecting began with butterflies and plants. Next was collecting stamps and paintings. And finally, all the passion turned to science... And now I cannot indifferently pass by a plant or a butterfly, especially those that are well known to me, without holding it in my hands, examining it from all sides, stroking it, or admiring it. And all this gives me a pleasant impression.

In the mid-1890s, in his dining room one could see several shelves hung on the wall with specimens of butterflies he had caught. Coming to Ryazan to visit his father, he devoted a lot of time to hunting insects. In addition, at his request, various native butterflies were brought to him from various medical expeditions.
He placed a butterfly from Madagascar, given for his birthday, at the center of his collection. Not content with these methods of replenishing the collection, he himself raised butterflies from caterpillars collected with the help of the boys.

If Pavlov began collecting butterflies and plants in his youth, then the beginning of collecting stamps is unknown. However, philately has become no less a passion; Once, back in pre-revolutionary times, during a visit to the Institute of Experimental Medicine by a Siamese prince, he complained that his stamp collection lacked Siamese stamps, and a few days later the collection of I.P. Pavlov was already decorated with a series of stamps of the Siamese state. To replenish the collection, all acquaintances who received correspondence from abroad were involved.

Collecting books was unique: on the birthday of each of the six family members, a collection of works by a writer was bought as a gift.

The collection of paintings by I. P. Pavlov began in 1898, when he bought a portrait of his five-year-old son, Volodya Pavlov, from the widow of N. A. Yaroshenko; Once upon a time, the artist was amazed by the boy’s face and persuaded his parents to allow him to pose. The second painting, painted by N. N. Dubovsky, depicting the evening sea in Sillamyagi with a burning fire, was donated by the author. And thanks to her, Pavlov developed a great interest in painting. However, the collection for a long time was not replenished; It was only during the revolutionary times of 1917, when some collectors began to sell the paintings they owned, that Pavlov assembled an excellent collection. It contained paintings by I.E. Repin, Surikov, Levitan, Viktor Vasnetsov, Semiradsky and others. According to the story of M. V. Nesterov, with whom Pavlov became acquainted in 1931, Pavlov’s collection of paintings included Lebedev, Makovsky, Berggolts, Sergeev. Currently, part of the collection is presented in Pavlov’s museum-apartment in St. Petersburg, on Vasilyevsky Island. Pavlov understood painting in his own way, endowing the author of the painting with thoughts and plans that he, perhaps, did not have; often, carried away, he began to talk about what he himself would have put into it, and not about what he himself actually saw.

Awards named after I. P. Pavlov

The first award named after the great scientist was the I.P. Pavlov Prize, established by the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1934 and awarded for the best scientific work in the field of physiology. Its first laureate in 1937 was Leon Abgarovich Orbeli, one of Ivan Petrovich’s best students, his like-minded person and associate.

In 1949, in connection with the 100th anniversary of the birth of the scientist of the USSR Academy of Sciences, a gold medal named after I.P. Pavlov was established, which is awarded for a set of works on the development of the teachings of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Its peculiarity is that works that have previously been awarded a state prize, as well as personal state prizes, are not accepted for the gold medal named after I.P. Pavlov. That is, the work performed must be truly new and outstanding. This award was first awarded in 1950 by Konstantin Mikhailovich Bykov for the successful, fruitful development of the legacy of I.P. Pavlov.

In 1974, a Commemorative Medal was made for the 125th anniversary of the birth of the great scientist.

There is a medal of I.P. Pavlov of the Leningrad Physiological Society.

In 1998, on the eve of the 150th anniversary of the birth of I. P. Pavlov Russian Academy Natural Sciences established a silver medal named after I.P. Pavlov “For the development of medicine and healthcare.”

In memory of Academician Pavlov, Pavlov readings were held in Leningrad.

The brilliant naturalist was 87 years old when his life was interrupted. Pavlov's death came as a complete surprise to everyone. Despite his advanced age, he was physically very strong, burned with ebullient energy, worked tirelessly, enthusiastically made plans for further work, and, of course, thought least of all about death...
In a letter to I.M. Maisky (USSR Ambassador to England) in October 1935, several months after contracting influenza with complications, Pavlov wrote:
“Damned flu! It knocked down my confidence in living to be a hundred years old. The tail from it still remains, although I still do not allow changes in the distribution and size of my activities.”

MedicInform.net›History of Medicine›Biographies›Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

You have to live 150 years

Pavlov was different good health and never got sick. Moreover, he was convinced that the human body is designed for very long life. “Don’t upset your heart with grief, don’t poison yourself with tobacco potion, and you will live as long as Titian (99 years),” said the academician. He generally proposed that the death of a person under 150 years of age be considered “violent.”

However, he himself died at the age of 87, and very mysterious death. One day he felt unwell, which he considered “flu-like,” and did not attach any importance to the illness. However, succumbing to the persuasion of his relatives, he nevertheless invited a doctor, and he gave him some kind of injection. After some time, Pavlov realized that he was dying.
By the way, he was treated by Dr. D. Pletnev, who was executed in 1941 for the “incorrect” treatment of Gorky.

Was he poisoned by the NKVD?

The unexpected death of an old, but still quite strong academician, caused a wave of rumors that his death could be “accelerated.” Note that this happened in 1936, on the eve of the Great Purge. Even then, the former pharmacist Yagoda created the famous “laboratory of poisons” to eliminate political opponents.

In addition, Pavlov’s public statements against Soviet power were well known to everyone. They said that he was then almost the only person in the USSR who was not afraid to do this openly and actively spoke out in defense of the innocently repressed. In Petrograd, supporters of Zinoviev, who ruled there, openly threatened the brave scientist: “After all, we can hurt you, Mr. Professor! - they promised. However, the communists did not dare to arrest the world-famous Nobel Prize laureate.

Outwardly, Pavlov’s death strongly resembles the same strange death of another great Petersburger, Academician Bekhterev, who discovered Stalin’s paranoia.
He, too, was quite strong and healthy, although old, but he died just as quickly after being visited by “Kremlin” doctors. The historian of physiology Yaroshevsky wrote:
“It is quite possible that the NKVD authorities “eased” Pavlov’s suffering.”

Source(http://www.spbdnevnik.ru/?show=article&id=1499)
justsay.ru›zagadka-smerti-akademika-1293

Perhaps every Russian person is very familiar with the surname Pavlov. The great academician is known both for his life and death. Many people are familiar with the story of his death - in the last hours of his life, he called on his best students and, using the example of his body, explained the processes occurring in a dying body. However, there is a version that he was poisoned in 1936 for his political views.

Many experts believe that Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was the greatest scientist of St. Petersburg, second only to Lomonosov. He was a graduate of St. Petersburg University. In 1904 he received the Nobel Prize for his work on the physiology of digestion and circulation. It was he who was the first Russian to become a laureate of this award.

His works on the physiology of the nervous system and the theory of “conditioned reflexes” became famous throughout the world. Outwardly he was stern - a thick beard white, a firm face and rather bold statements, both in politics and in science. For many decades, it was by his appearance that many imagined a true Russian scientist. During his life, he received many invitations to the most prestigious world universities, but he did not want to leave his native country.

Even after the Revolution died down, when life was quite difficult for him, like many representatives of the intelligentsia, he did not agree to leave Russia. His home was repeatedly searched, six gold medals were taken, as was the Nobel Prize, which was kept in a Russian bank. But what offended the scientist most of all was not this, but Bukharin’s impudent statement, in which he called the professors robbers. Pavlov was indignant: “Am I the robber?”

There were also moments when Pavlov almost died of hunger. It was at this time that the great academician was visited by his acquaintance, a science fiction writer from England - H.G. Wells. And seeing the life of an academician, he was simply horrified. The corner of the office of the genius who received the Nobel Prize was littered with turnips and potatoes, which he grew with his students so as not to die of hunger.

However, over time the situation changed. Lenin personally gave instructions according to which Pavlov began to receive enhanced academic rations. In addition, normal communal conditions were created for him.

But even after all the hardships, Pavlov did not want to leave his country! Although he had such an opportunity - he was allowed to travel abroad. So he visited England, France, Finland, and the USA.

Tainy.net›24726-strannaya…akademika-pavlova.html

The purpose of this article is to find out the cause of death of the Russian scientist, the first Russian Nobel laureate, physiologist IVAN PETROVICH PAVLOV by his FULL NAME code.

Watch "Logicology - about the fate of man" in advance.

Let's look at the FULL NAME code tables. \If there is a shift in numbers and letters on your screen, adjust the image scale\.

16 17 20 32 47 50 60 63 64 78 94 100 119 136 151 154 164 188
P A V L O V I V A N P E T R O V I C H
188 172 171 168 156 141 138 128 125 124 110 94 88 69 52 37 34 24

10 13 14 28 44 50 69 86 101 104 114 138 154 155 158 170 185 188
I V A N P E T R O V I C H P A V L O V
188 178 175 174 160 144 138 119 102 87 84 74 50 34 33 30 18 3

PAVLOV IVAN PETROVICH = 188.

188 = 86-DIES + 102-FROM DISEASE.

101 = DIES O*(t)
____________________
102 = O*T DISEASE

188 = 138-DYING + 50-FROM P(neumonia).

188 = 172-DYING FROM + 16-P(neumonia).

16 = P*(neumonia)
___________________________________
188 = DYING FROM P*(neumonia)

Marked with an asterisk (reference letters of the NAME code).

Reference:

Med-kurator.com›organy-dyhaniya/pnevmoniya…
Turbo
Pneumonia, or pneumonia, is a viral disease that... increases the temperature to any number - it can be a high fever (39-40 degrees) or a prolonged low-grade fever (37-37.5 degrees)...

50 = LIGHT*
____________________________
144 = HAD PNEUMONIA*(s)

154 = HAD P*NEUMONIA
____________________________
50 = FROM P*(neumonia)

DATE OF DEATH code: 02/27/1936. This = 27 + 02 + 19 + 36 = 29-(27 + 2)-...PAL + 55-(19 + 36)-...ENIYO(gkih) = 84.

84 = (re)BURNING LЁ(gkih).

5 8 9 14 37 38 57 86 104 110 115 144 157 172 178 199 205 208 225 226 238 270
T W A D C A T S E D M O E F E V R A L Y
270 265 262 261 256 233 232 213 184 166 160 155 126 113 98 92 71 65 62 45 44 32

D(breathing) (prev)B(ano) + (stop)A (ser)DCA + (death)TH + CE(r)D(tse) (stopped)b + (pnev)MO(niya) + (dying) E + (catastro)F(a) + (mon)EV(monia) + (zakupo)R(k)A L(light) + (deceased)I

270 = D,B, + ,A,DCA + ,TH + CE,D,L + ,MO, + ,E + ,F, + ,EV, + ,P,A L, + ,I.

101 = (c)THE FUCKING PHYSICAL (liar)
__________________________
102 = (two)Twenty (double)

101 = DIES O*(t)
____________________
102 = O*T DISEASE

Code for the number of full YEARS OF LIFE: 164-EIGHTY + 97-SIX = 261.

3 18 36 42 55 84 89 95 113 145 164 189 195 213 232 261
EIGHTY SIX
261 258 243 225 219 206 177 172 166 148 116 97 72 66 48 29

145 = PASSED AWAY
__________________
148 = choked

"Deep" decryption offers the following option, in which all columns match:

VOS(burning) (pulmonary)E + (s)M(ert)b + D(yhan)E (interrupted)SYA + (death)T(b) + (died)SH(iy) + (stopped)E(but ) + S(heart) + (death)TH

261 = BOS,E + ,M,b + D,E,SIA + ,T, + ,Sh, + ,E, + S, + ,Т.

Reference:

Pulmonary inflammation - articles verified by doctors
Yandex.Health
The term “pneumonia” refers to a special vocabulary, “pneumonia” – to a commonly used one, but both of them are widely known today and, unfortunately, are heard often. It's about about infectious inflammatory process in the lungs...

Look at the column in the lower table of the FULL NAME code:

86 = (c) EIGHT (is)
__________________________
119 = (eighty)YAT SIX(s)

86 = FROM VOSP (lung loss)
______________________________
119 = (from inflammation) of the lungs (x)