Goy thou, good fellows! (History of words). What is GOY ESI? Goy thou

Listening to the song of the notorious pagan metal band "Arkona", I perceive the exclamation "goy, Rode, goy" in two ways: both as an appeal "hear me", and as something like "glory to Thee, Rode!". And I decided that it would be useful to study the origin of the exclamation "goy" in more detail.

Nowadays, most people know the word "goy" only in conjunction with "oh you, goy, good fellow". If everything is easy with “thou” - “you are” (analogues in living Slavic languages ​​are Polish jesteś, Serbian jesi), then “goy” even in this frequent epic phrase remains a mystery, is perceived mainly as an interjection. Dahl defines it as "a defiant exclamation, an encouraging challenge."

Let's try to understand with the help of etymology. Scientists-etymologists in an attempt to interpret this mysterious "goy" are repelled by the word "outcast". What it means now is known to everyone: one who is rejected by the social environment or has broken with it; one who, for some quality or property, does not suit anyone, does not correspond to anything (Efremova's dictionary). In the same dictionary we find the first meaning of this word: “one who has left his former social state” (in Ancient Rus'- a serf who ransomed to freedom, a ruined merchant, etc.). Fasmer's dictionary gives an even earlier meaning - "survived from the family, not cared for."

The word "outcast" comes from the prefixed verb "outcast" - to survive from the family. The verb itself is formed from another - “goiti” (Old Russian “to live”), which goes back to the Proto-Slavic form *gojiti, which, in turn, is the morphological causative of the verb *ziti. Both verbs go back to the Indo-European root *gi- "to live".

To the ear, "goiti" and "zhiti" are different, but their relationship can be seen through semantics. Here are a few examples from historical dictionaries: goit - "give life, arrange, shelter", kill, goof - "heal", goit - "heal" (about a wound). The relationship of the verbs is also confirmed by the materials of the living Slavic languages: the Serbian "gojiti" - to fatten, the Bulgarian "goya" with the same meaning, the Polish "goić" - to heal, to heal. This verb developed from Indo-European to Old Slavonic as follows: *gi- "to live" → *goio "life" → Slav. gojь → gojiti.

Based on this, it can be assumed that "goy" means "one's own person, representative of the family", "healthy, living person". But in relation to the Gods, this is still a doxology and my second intuitive understanding of the line from the song is more correct. What do you think?

Etymological research was prepared by Cheslava

Literature:

• Mullagalieva A.G. Notes on the etymology of words with the root *gi- (words outcast and nut in Russian and other Slavic languages) / A.G. Mullagalieva // II International Baudouin Readings: Kazan Linguistic School: Traditions and Modernity (Kazan, December 11-13, 2003) .): Proceedings and materials: In 2 volumes / Under the general. ed. K.R. Galiullina, G.A. Nikolaeva. - Kazan: Publishing House of Kazan. un-ta, 2003.– T. 2.
• Fasmer M. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language: In 4 volumes: Per. from German-M.: Azbuka-Terra, 1996.- Vol.1.
• Skok, Petar. Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga or srpskoga jezika./ Jugoslavenska Akademija znanosti i umjetnosti. - Zagreb, 1971 - Knjiga 1.

: literary diary

“Goy, good fellows!” greeting or...
It is no longer a secret to anyone that words for our ancestors were not empty shaking of the air. Behind each word there was an image, each word and sound carried its own special function. The word was sacred to the ancestors and had magical powers. Much of the heritage of our glorious past was “safely” forgotten, something was preserved, but lost its original imagery, and something was deliberately distorted.

From time immemorial epics about heroes native land reaches us “Oh, you are a goy, good fellow!” With the "good fellow" it is understandable, but in terms of "goy thou" there are many disputes and different readings. The meaning of this mysterious expression is not explained either in school textbooks or in collections of epics.
Ask a casual passer-by: What is "goy thou"? At best, he will say what it means: "be healthy" or just an exclamation like "oh!" or "hey!" or remember that "gentiles" are called non-Jews.

At one time, the origin of this expression was also of interest to V.I. Dahl. In his explanatory dictionary he writes: “Goy is an interjection, a defiant exclamation, an encouraging challenge. For example, "Oh, you are a goy, good fellow," in fairy tales. It seems logical, but the problem is that there are no punctuation marks between “goy” and “esi”, which should separate the exclamation from the rest of the text, but Dal does not put them ... Is it by chance?

Without thinking about the true meaning of the word "goy", the Russian classics used it as an enthusiastic exclamation. For example, S. Yesenin “Goy you are my dear Rus'!”, A. Tolstoy “You are a goy, you are a goy, mother oak tree ...”, “Goy you, my homeland!” etc.

In some ritual texts (most likely a remake), I also met appeals like: “You are a goy, Mother Earth is damp”, “You are a goy, Empress Water.” In the same way - "goy be" some refer to both Lada and Mokosh.

Someone may ask: what is the question actually? And the fact that the word GOY in circulation since ancient times was applied only to men, meant - an active creative masculine principle, as well as the word "goy" also meant the male genital organ .. I do not claim that this interpretation is the only true one, but if we take it into account, then it is at least strange to refer to any of the female incarnations of the GENUS "Goy Thou"!

At first I thought that the phallic symbolism of the word "goy" was someone's speculation, but as it turned out - no.
Here is what the historian Boris Rybakov writes in the book “Paganism of the Ancient Slavs”: “In the Slavic languages, “goyny” means “abundant”; "goiti" - "to live" (hence "outcast" - excluded from life). "Goilo" is translated as a phallus, and therefore the expression of Russian epics "goy thou, good fellow" means approximately: "vir in рlenis рotentia". The whole complex of words with the root "goy" is associated with the concepts of vitality, vitality and the fact that is the expression and personification of that power."

To understand what an authoritative researcher of the ancient Slavs is hinting at, just look at the translation from Latin - literally, it looks like "A fully capable man" (that is, a full-fledged man who has everything in order with potency, the man who can - " mighty") In general, in the light of the foregoing, it becomes clear how, "goy thou, good fellow" differs from the usual "good fellow." I will add that “goyim” is also called a fire pole, with which men kindle a living fire at the holidays.

It turns out that to the Gods male the expression "Goy thou" is quite applicable - as a recognition of their life-creating active force (male in nature).
Unfortunately, many now, not knowing what this “saying” means, insert it into any texts that need to be given the appearance of Old Slavonic. From here, perhaps, strange perverted appeals like “goy be, beautiful girls”, etc. appear.

This expression also penetrated into pseudo-fairytale folklore - and children read fairy tales, where “you are goy” even among swans, near the Earth and near the river. But! If we turn to the ancient epics, we will not find there a single appeal "goy be" to someone female!

So it turns out that in our rich and multifaceted language there are still many mysteries, the answers to which are not so obvious as they seem at first glance. The secrets of knowing the World, hidden in our mother tongue are still waiting for their discoverer. Each of us can become one who, turning to his Tribal memory, will find the keys to the knowledge of glorious ancestors.

Somehow we already raised this issue (in Murmansk with the guys) .... we considered different versions - in particular, those that are given in the article ......... I WOULD LIKE TO HEAR YOUR OPINION ..... MAYBE WHO WILL SUGGEST ANOTHER VERSION .... AND IN GENERAL HOW IS IT REALLY CORRECT???
Dulskaya Tatyana Yurievna, Sortavala
My site "Joy of Life"

Discussed, but did not come to a final conclusion ....
Indeed, I would very much like to know what exactly this "saying" means. Somehow it bugs me a little when "Goy thou" is applied to the feminine gender.
Darislav.

But for some reason it doesn't care me. Even so, it seems to me that everything is simpler and the answer is in the expression outcast. Also, if you listen to Sharshin, it turns out that the Slavs wrote from left to right and it was possible to read this way and that. From here it turns out that Goy is a yogi. Let's also remember Baba Yagaya. In Hinduism, BABA also appeared from the Slavs, in fact, like Sanskrit. But this is just my wrong opinion.
Yarovit.

Here I met such a "definition" of the word GOY - who knows his own Path and the husband (man) who follows him. Regarding the woman in this case used "definition" - VIRGO.
Darislav.

I agree with your opinion. Goy if you are a good fellow - literally means goy is a good fellow, that is, he is greeted at a meeting if he is a goy.

And the very first opinion is the opinion of a person who is crazy about phalluses, preoccupied with this.
Yarina Volkova.

About the Russian Spirit...
Oh you goy good fellows,
The camps are stately, the little heads are violent.
Only you are the only Russian hope,
Only you are capable of bright thoughts,
Thoughts are bright, thoughts are free.
Than to walk around everywhere to no purpose,
Strain your wild little heads,
Harness your fiery horses,
Horses of fiery metal.
Roll up your sleeves from your shirts,
And take hold of Russia - Mother Earth.
Build modern palaces,
Palaces bright and high,
Bring order to the officials,
To honor the laws of Russia,
To keep our common good,
Our common state
You revive our strong Rat,
Rat strong and spiritual,
Preserving all the Russian decoration,
So that hawks are overseas guests,
They did not dare to poke their noses into the outskirts,
So that there were no predatory thoughts,
To look and say:
- To know the spirit of the Russian people is strong,
Unbreakable and incomprehensible…
Save Russia, you are United,
Mother Russia, a bright country.
And the helpers, red-maidens,
Embellish Russia to please the eye,
After you all people will rise,
All Russia will rise, prettier ...

Guest ABV*

Here is another wording - in my opinion it has an interesting and worthy meaning:
Who is this GOY???

Goy - from the ancient Aryan language was translated as "having light in itself", "carrying light, radiant", and therefore in fairy tales every good fellow at a meeting was asked the question - are you a goy?
Goy - (from the Indo-European root * gi "to live"; * goio "life") - an old Russian root with the meaning of life, life-giving force, best known as part of the epic formula "goy be". Which is typical of oral folk art and is found before only in the texts of epics (“Oh, you are a goy, good fellow!”). See from M. Yu. Lermontov: “Oh you goy, Tsar Ivan Vasilievich!”, from A. K. Tolstoy: “Goy you, my flowers, flowers of the steppe!”, from Sergei Yesenin: “You are goy, Rus', My dear…".
Prophetic Goy - strong man and the head of the family. Prophetic means knowing Vesta.
Something like that.....

Goy - carrying light, radiant!!!

Radaslava-Dulskaya Tatyana Yurievna, Sortavala
My site "Joy of Life"

Wikipedia

Goy thou; (later also distorted "goiases") - a greeting-magnificent formula in the meaning of "be alive!" or "be healthy!". It is characteristic of oral folk art and is found primarily in the texts of epics (“Oh, you are a goy, good fellow!”).

See from M. Yu. Lermontov: “Oh you goy, Tsar Ivan Vasilievich!”, from A. K. Tolstoy: “Goy you, my flowers, flowers of the steppe!”, from Sergei Yesenin: “You are goy, Rus', My dear…".[

Goy is an old Russian word that has meanings associated with life and life-giving power; comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *gi - "to live". The etymological development of the verb is presented as follows: Indo-European *gi ("to live"); *goio ("life"); Slavic gojь; gojiti ("live"). Historically, the same root is in the words “live” from the Old Russian life (here is another step of alternation) with the original meaning “feed, eat, recover”, “life”, “live”, “alive”.

In Dahl's dictionary, goit is old. "to eat, to live, to be healthy." I. I. Sreznevsky’s goiti is “to live”, that is, the goy can be considered as a form of the imperative mood from this verb. In Ukrainian, the word zagoїti means “heal”, “heal” (for example, wounds). In addition, the word goy is attested in the Old Russian language and in other contexts, where it is interpreted (according to the dictionary of I. I. Sreznevsky) as “peace, tranquility, pax, fides, amicitia”. Yesi is an obsolete personal form of the copula verb "to be" in the second person singular.

In modern Russian, the word goy has been de-etymologized and is perceived only as an interjection as part of this formula, it becomes “a defiant exclamation, an encouraging challenge” (according to Dahl's dictionary).

The goy root is associated with the surviving modern language the word outcast (from obsolete). It in the Old Russian language was a social term and meant a person who was “outlived”, “survived”, that is, who had lost touch with his social environment.

Based on a similar meaning of the word outcast, some researchers interpret the formula goy as a sign of belonging to a community (genus, tribe, nation, race): "You are ours, our blood."
B. A. Rybakov sees here an indication of male potency addressee (that is, goy means, according to him, “strong man”, Latin vir in plenis potentia), based on the dialect meaning of the word goilo - “phallus” (literally “liver”).

In Slavic languages, "goyny" means "abundant". "Goiti" - "to live" (hence "outcast" - excluded from life). “Goilo” is translated as a phallus, and therefore the expression of Russian epics “goy thou, good fellow” means approximately: “vir in рlenis rotentia”. The whole complex of words with the root "goy" is associated with the concepts of vitality, vitality and what is the expression and personification of this force.

- B. A. Rybakov "Paganism of the ancient Slavs"

In the list of Slavic names, two names with the root goy came across.
GOEMISL - comprehending the life force ("goe" - the power of life and fertility).
GOENEG - not squeezing (cherishing) vitality.
I wanted to get to the bottom of it.

Goy thou
Material from the free Russian encyclopedia "Tradition".
This term has other meanings, see Goy (meanings).

Goy is an old Russian word that has meanings associated with life and life-giving power; best known in the epic turnover goy thou.

Etymological reasoning

Goy comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *gi - to live. The etymological development of the verb is presented as follows: Indo-European *gi "to live" → *goio "life" → Slavic gojь → gojiti "to live". Historically, the same root is in the words “live” from the Old Russian life (here is another step of alternation) with the original meaning “feed, eat, recover”, life, live, live. "Goit" is old. to speak, to live, to be healthy (Dal's dictionary; the same interpretation is in "Materials for the Dictionary of the Old Russian Language" by I. I. Sreznevsky).
The very word "goy" is attested primarily in the text of epics, in the formula "Oh, you are a goy, good fellow!" (later also distorted "goiases"). In the modern language, the word "goy" as part of this formula has been de-etymologized and is perceived as an interjection, becoming "a defiant exclamation, an encouraging challenge" (according to Dahl's dictionary).
Based on the meaning of the word outcast (see below), some researchers interpret this formula as a sign of belonging to the community: "You are ours, our blood." B. A. Rybakov sees here an indication of the male potency of the addressee (that is, goy means, according to him, “strong man”, “Latin vir in plenis potentia”), relying on the dialect meaning of the word goilo - penis (literally, life-giving).

In addition, the word goy is attested in the Old Russian language and in other contexts, where it is interpreted (according to the dictionary of I. I. Sreznevsky) as “peace, tranquility, pax, fides, amicitia”.
The word “goy” is associated with the word “outcast” (from obsolete), which is preserved in the modern language. In the Old Russian language, it was a social term meaning a person “outlived”, “survived” from his social environment: a disinherited prince, a redeemed serf.

Task number 3. What is common between the words goy, rope and peace?
The words goy, verv and world, which arose in various historical eras, united by the concept of "community". “Goy is the oldest designation of a tribal patriarchal community. In modern Russian, it is preserved in the word outcast "a rejected member of the community." We find the same word in the text of the epic: “Oh, you are a goy, good fellow!”, Which literally means: “You are ours, our blood.” Verv is also a community, but built not on a tribal basis, but on a territorial basis. The root of this word is preserved in modern rope (with the diminutive suffix -to-). Vervue - a rope measured the space of land belonging to one community. In the Old Russian language, the word world is found in combinations indicating peaceful relations: “peace and silence” (Life of Abraham Smolensky, p. 18), which are opposed to “rebellion and rumor”. There was another meaning of this word: the world as "the spatial arrangement of all people living on earth at the same time." The world as "tranquility" and the world as "cosmos" have been known since the 12th century as two different words, and over time they began to be distinguished in writing: the world is "peace", but the world is "community". The relative adjective “peaceful” expressed the attitude to calmness and silence: “ Grand Duke Demetrius is a peaceful man,” says the “Tale of the Battle of Mamaev” (p. 27). Possessive adjective - such as worldly and worldly expressed belonging to known world in the meaning of the community, the number of people. So, the meanings of the words goy - rope - world line up in historical sequence: "life of the clan" - "its own border" - "peaceful cohabitation within it."

Goy:
Goy (from the Indo-European root *gi “to live” → *goio “life”) is an Old Russian root with the meaning of life, life-giving force, best known as part of the epic formula goy be.

Goy (Hebrew גוי‎) is the term for a non-Jew in Judaism.
"Goy" is translated from ancient Hebrew as "people" (plural "goyim", "peoples"). In the Bible, this term is never applied to one person. This word is used 620 times in the Bible plural(goyim) and means many nations (eg Gen. 10:1). In the singular (goy), it occurs 136 times, and often refers to the Jewish people (goy gadol, Hebrew גוי גדול‎ - “ great people»; Joshua 3:17), etc.). Thus, out of 10 uses of the word "goy" in the Pentateuch, 5 refer to the Jewish people.

At a later time, the word "goy" began to be used in Hebrew literature as a synonym for the word "nohri", that is, "alien".

In Erzya-Meryansk, KOY - LAW

ESI-ISTYAMO = What

(Sometimes used to enhance the degree of quality, we get "TRUE")

Therefore, in the first case - "what are you" - What law are you?

In the case of goyim - goy gadol = Great LAW

Goyim - Lawyers
Outlaws - Outlaws

“Oh, you, goy, good fellow!” - from time to time we read how a hero is greeted with such words in fairy tales, songs and epics. Now it may seem that the forgotten word "goy" is just an interjection, something in between the exclamations "gay!" and “oh!”, but in such a simplified version it was not always; Initially, it had a much more definite and even sacred meaning.

The greeting of the goy, which was used by the Eastern Slavs, dates back to ancient times. The word "goy" among the ancient peoples from time immemorial was associated with health, life, life-giving force. For example, in the Avestan language the word gaya meant life, the time of life. The Lithuanian gajus referred to that which cures easily. Here closely adjoin the Ukrainian goiti - to heal, heal, and the Polish goic with the same meanings.

Tell the other person " !" was equivalent to our "be healthy!", "be alive!". The very same word goy was the imperative form of the verb goit - to be healthy, to live well, to be healthy.

True, there are other versions of this. In modern Russian, only two words with the root goyim: outcast and outcast. And who is an outcast, we are well aware - a person who has fallen out of the social environment, a renegade, survived from the family (although in the old days this word did not always refer to those who simply slid down the social ladder).

If goy means life, it turns out that the word outcast means a person outside of life, one who no longer lives in this white world, in a word, an exile. According to another version, in a word goy the community was designated, and indeed the world as a whole. In this case, an outcast is a stranger who comes from a foreign community. Most of the outcasts - if we turn to the ancient chronicles - were in Novgorod, which was traditionally inhabited by different tribes. In the process of decomposition of the patriarchal community, many became combatants or merchants. So the outcasts included quite a few big number people: from a simple native of the community to a bean wandering around the world (that is, a personally free person). In this case, since the outcast was a person who broke away from his society, then goy, on the contrary, referred to a person immersed in his native environment.

However, if the word goy perceive that way, then the appeal “oh, you, , good fellow! literally meant “you, good fellow, are our man”, “you are a man from our kind”. How can one not recall Kipling's "we are of the same blood - you and me!". However, greetings tied to terms of kinship were completely uncharacteristic of the Eastern Slavs, and it looks a little strange to address the first person you meet as a native.

Therefore, nevertheless, it is worth sticking to the version that the greeting meant to all of us an understandable and familiar hello, especially since in some epics one can also find transitional options:

He goes to Gridnya - yes, he prays to God,
And she worships the mother-nurse:
“Hello, dear mother!”
"Hello, young Nightingale,
And the young Nightingale Budimerovich!”

Goiases and voyas

Gradually becomes a simple exclamation and is distorted to not entirely intelligible goiases, which, in turn, become very distant voices. Sometimes it came to the point that the word voyasy was taken for the word war.

And to replace the ancient greeting goyim forms with a Proto-Slavic basis come to health, which we use to this day. They no longer ascend to the idea of ​​life-giving power. Initially, "sudorov" meant "from a good tree." Its application is also expanding: if has never been used as a farewell greeting, then the phrase "be healthy!" now you can meet and say goodbye.