Words of foreign origin in Ukrainian. Borrowed words in Ukrainian

accentuate - akzentuiren - emphasize, emphasize, put an accent
gazebo - Altan, der, Balkon mit Unterbau (in it from it. alt - high) - gazebo, gazebo. At first, large balconies were called that, then - platforms, ledges and gazebos from which you can admire the surrounding landscape.

bavovna - Baumwolle, die - cotton
bugnet - Bajonett, das - bayonet
bastard - Bastard, der, (in German from French) - bastard, illegitimate child
blakitny - blau - blue, sky-colored
badge - Blech, das - tin
blashany (blashany dah) - blechern (blechernes Dach) - tin (tin roof)
borg - Borg, der - debt, loan
brakuvati (chogos) - brauchen - need (something), lack (something);
meni marriage (chogos) - es braucht mir (etwas) - I lack (something), I need (something);
change pennies - es braucht mir Geld - I don't have enough money, I need money; I miss the hour - es braucht mir Zeit - I don't have enough time, I don't have time
brovar - Brauer, der - brewer (the name of the district center in the Kyiv region of Brovary comes from the word "brovar")
brewery - Brauerei, die - brewery, brewery
brovarstvo - Brauerei, die - brewing
brutal - brutal - rough
brucht - Bruch, der - scrap, scrap metal
buda, booth - Bude, die - it. shop, stall, gatehouse;
buduvati - Bude, die (German shop, stall, gatehouse) - build
budinok - Bude, die (German shop, stall, gatehouse) - building, house
burnus - Burnus, der, -nusse, - Arabic cloak with a hood
bursa - Burse, die - bursa, a medieval school with a hostel
bursak - Burse, der, - student of bursa

wabiti - Wabe, die (German honeycomb) - attract
vagat - vage (German indefinite, shaky) - to hesitate, not to decide
vagitna (female) - waegen (German to weigh) - pregnant ("gained weight")
wag - Waage, die - scales;
important - Waage, die (German scales) - weighty, important;
vazhiti - Waage, die (German scales), waegen (German to weigh) - weigh, weigh;
varta - Wart, der (German guardian, guard) - guard;
vartovy - Wart, der (German keeper, guardian) - sentry;
vartuvati - warten (German to wait, take care of a child or the sick, perform official duties) - to stand on the clock; guard, protect
watch - Wache, die, Wachte, die, - security, military guard, naval watch, shift;
vvazhati - waegen (German to dare, dare, take risks) - to have an opinion
viser - (from German Visier, das - visor) - pattern
vovna - Wolle, die - wool
vogky - feucht - wet

guy - Hain, der - grove, forest, copse, oak forest
haiduk - Haiduck (Heiduck), der (from the Hungarian hajduk - driver) (German Hungarian hired warrior, partisan, Hungarian courtier) - hired warrior, servant, traveling footman
hook - Haken, der - hook, hook, hook
halmo - Halm, der (in it. stalk, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians slowed down the cart with a bundle of straw?) - brake
halmuvati - Halm, der (in it. stalk, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians slowed down the cart with a bunch of straw?) - slow down
garth - Haertung, die - hardening, hardening
gartuvati - haerten - to harden (in the village of Bobrik, Brovarsky district, Kyiv region, a dialect word was used, derived from gartuvati - gartanachka, which meant potatoes baked in a pot on a fire)
gas - Gas, das (German gas) - kerosene
gatunok - Gattung, die - grade, type, variety, quality
hubbub - Gewalt, die (German violence, power) - a loud cry
gvaltuvati - Gewalt, die (German violence, power), jemandem Gewalt antun (German to rape someone) - to rape
gendlyuvati - handeln - to trade (in Ukrainian it is more often used in an ironic, condemning sense)
hetman (in Ukrainian language the word hetman came through Polish language) - Hauptmann, der (German captain, centurion, chief) - hetman
gesheft - Gescheft, das (German business, occupation, business, shop) - trading
gop! (exclamation) - Hops, der, hops!, hopsassa! (in it. - jump, jump) - gop!
hopak - Hops, der, hops!, hopsassa! (German jump, jump) - hopak, Ukrainian dance
grati (multiple, plural) - Gitter, das - lattice (prison or window)
soil - Grund, der, (German soil, bottom, land plot) - soil, foundation, justification
priming - gruendlich - thoroughly,
priming - gruendlich - solid
priming, priming - gruenden (German: to lay the foundation for something, to substantiate) - to substantiate
gukati - gucken, kucken, qucken (German watch) - call someone from a distance, call loudly
gum - Gummi, der - rubber, rubber
gum - Gummi- - rubber, rubber
humor - Humor, der, nur Einz. - humor
gurok, pl. gurki - Gurke, die, - cucumber (dialect heard in the city of Gogolev, Kiev region)

dah - Dach, das - roof
ladies - Damespiel, der - checkers
drit - Draht, der, Draehte - wire
druk - Druck, der - pressure; printing (books, newspapers, etc.)
drukarnia - Druckerei, die - typography
drukar - Drucker, der - printer
drukuvati - druecken - print
dyakuwati - danken - give thanks

education (obsolete) - Edukation, die - education, upbringing; from this Latin word comes the Ukrainian adjective "edukovy" - educated, educated. From this adjective arose the distorted common folk ironic "midikovan" (an arrogant person with a claim to education) and the expression: "midikov, only not druk" (with a claim to education, but still not printed)

zhovnir (obsolete) - Soeldner, der (in it from it. Soldo - a monetary unit, lat. Solidus) - a hired warrior

zaborguvati - borgen - make debts, borrow

istota - ist (German is, exists - the third person singular of the present tense of the verb sein - to be) - being (organism)

kapelyuh - Kappe, die - hat
chapel - Kapelle, die (chapel also matters in it) - chapel
karafka - Karaffe, die - pot-bellied glass vessel with a stopper, for water or drinks, often faceted, decanter
karbovanets - kerben (in it. make notches, notches but with something) - ruble, i.e. minted, with notches
karbuvati - kerben - notch, mint (money)
kvacha - in it. quatsch - colloquial slap!, bam!, clap!, absurd; noun Quatsch, der (nonsense, rubbish, fool) - a piece of rags for spreading grease on a frying pan, and in a children's game - one who is obliged to catch up with other players and transfer the role of kwach with his touch, the name of this game, an exclamation when transferring the role of kwach
ticket - Quittung, die (receipt, receipt for receiving something) - ticket (entrance, travel card)

kailo - Keil, der (German wedge, dowel, dihedral angle) - kailo, manual mining tool for breaking off brittle rocks, a long steel pointed wedge mounted on a wooden handle
keleh - Kelch, der - goblet, bowl, vessel with a leg
kermach - Kehrer, der - helmsman, helmsman
kermo - Kehre, die, (German turn, meander of the road) - steering wheel
keruvati - kehren (in German it matters to turn) - manage, lead
kleinodi - Kleinod, das - treasures, jewels (through Polish klejnot - jewel, precious object), regalia, which were military insignia of Ukrainian hetmans (mace, bunchuk, banner, seal and timpani)
dumplings - Knoedel, der (in German Knoedel = Kloss - dumplings without filling, made from many components: eggs, flour, potatoes, bread and milk) - dumplings without filling or stuffed
color - Couleur, die (in German this word is of French origin) - color
coma - Komma, das - comma
kohati - kochen (German to boil) - to love
kosht (for your own kosht) - Kost, die (German food, table, food, food) - account (at your own expense)
koshtoris - der Kostenplan (pronounced koshtenplan) - estimate
koshtuvati (skilki koshtuє) - kosten (was kostet?) - cost (how much does it cost?)
kravatka - Krawatte, die - tie
kram - Kram, der - goods
kramar - Kraemer, der - shopkeeper, petty trader, huckster
Kramnitsa - Kram, (German goods) - shop, shop
kreida - Kreide, die - chalk
criminal - kriminell - criminal
crisis - Krise, die - crisis
krumka (bread) - Krume, die (German (bread) crumb, pl. crumbs, arable layer of the earth) - a slice, a cut piece of bread
kushtuvati - kosten - to taste
kshtalt (through Polish from German) - Gestalt, die - sample, appearance, form
kilim - Kelim, der - carpet (in German and Ukrainian, this word is of Turkish origin)
kitzia - Kitz, das, Kitze, die - kitty

lan - Land, das (German country, land, soil) - field, field
lantuh - Leintuch (German linen shawl, linen) - row, rope (coarse sackcloth or clothing), a large bag of row or ponytail ("ponitok" - peasant homespun half-cloth), sacking for cart tires, for drying grain bread, etc. The word got into the Ukrainian language from German through Polish (lantuch - a rag, a rag).
lanzug - Langzug (German long pull, long line) - rope
element (arguably voiced rozmov; galas) - Lamentation (complaint, cry) - a very loud conversation; cry, lamentation.
lementuvati (speak more loudly; galasuvati; shout out of pain, suffering, or wailing about help; make gamir, chirping at once (about people); shout (about creatures, birds, etc.); unimportantly: show interest to some kind of food, actively discussing yoga, turning to the new respect of a wide community; - lamentieren (complain, lament, loudly express one's displeasure) - speak very loudly, scream, lament; scream in pain or call for help; make noise (about people); shout (about animals , birds, etc.); scornfully: show interest in any issue, actively discuss it, drawing the attention of the general public to it.
lizhko - liegen (German to lie) - bed
likhtar - from him. Licht, das light, fire is a lantern
deprive, deprive - from him. lassen (in it. - this verb has the meaning "leave" and many other meanings) - leave, leave
meadow - from him. Lauge, die - lye, lye
loh - from him. Loch, das (German hole, hole, hole, pocket, ice hole, peephole, hole) - cellar
lusterko - from him. Luest, die (German joy, pleasure) - mirror
Lyada - from him. Lade, die (German chest, drawer) - a movable lid, a door that closes a hole inside something, a chest lid

malyuvati - malen - draw
little ones - malen (draw) - drawing
painter - Maler, der - painter, artist
manirny - manierlich (German courteous, polite, well-mannered) - emphatically courteous, cutesy
matir - Mutter, die - mother
molasses - Melasse, die - molasses (sweet thick brown syrup, which is a waste when sugar is obtained)
blizzard - Schmetterling, der - butterfly (insect), moth
morgue - Grossen Magdeburger Morgen; 0.510644 Hektar - unit of land area; 0.5 ha (Western Ukrainian dialect)
mur - Mauer, die - stone (brick) wall
musiti - muessen - to be obliged, to owe

nіsenіtnitsya - Sensus, der, Sinn, der (German "Sensus", "Sinn" - meaning; Ukrainian "sens" - meaning - come from Latin "sensus") - nonsense, absurdity, absurdity, absurdity, nonsense
nirka - Niere, die - kidney (human or animal organ)

oliya - Oel, das (German liquid vegetable or mineral oil, oil) - liquid vegetable oil
ocet (in Ukrainian from Latin acetum) - Azetat, das (German acetate, salt of acetic acid) - vinegar

pava - Pfau, der - peacock
palace - Palast, der - palace
papier - Papier, das - paper
pasuvati - passsen - to approach something (to a person, etc.), to be at the right time
penzel - Pinsel, der - brush (for drawing or painting)
perlin (pearl) - Perle, die - pearl, pearl
peruca - Peruecke, die - wig
perucarnia - Peruecke, die (German wig) - hairdresser
pilaf - Pilaw (read pilaf), (in it options: Pilaf, Pilau), der - pilaf, an oriental dish of lamb or game with rice
pinzel - Pinsel, der - brush (for drawing)
plativka - Platte, die - plate, record
parade ground - Platz, der - area (in the village)
plundruvati - pluendern - plunder, plunder, devastate
dance - Flasche, die - bottle
pump - Pumpe, die - pump, pump (in Russian, the word "pump" is used less often)
porcelain - Porzellan, das - porcelain
sloppy - happen (nach D), haeppchenweise - hastily, grab (something with your teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in pieces)
proposition - poponieren (offer) - offer
to pronounce - poponieren - to offer

glad - Rat, der - advice (instruction or collegiate body); cognate Ukrainian words: radnik - adviser; narada - meeting
walkie-talkie (in Wisłowi: ty maesh walkie-talkie) - Ratio, die (German mind, logical thinking) - correctness (in the expression: you are right)
rahuvati - rechnen - count (money, etc.)
rahunok - Rechnung, die - count, count
reshta - Rest, der - remainder
robotar - Roboter, der - robot
risik - Risiko, das - risk
rinva - Rohr, das - gutter, groove
rura (obsolete word) - Rohr, das - (water) pipe
ryatuvati - retten - to save

celery - Sellerie, der oder die - celery
sense - Sensus, der, Sinn, der - meaning (in German and Ukrainian, this word came from Latin)
scurvy - Skorbut, der - scurvy
relish - Geschmack, der - taste
relish - schmecken - to taste
savory - schmackhaft - delicious, tasty
list - Spiess, der - spear
rates - Stau, Stausee, der - pond
statute - Statut, das - charter
strike - Streik, der - strike, strike (from English)
strіha - Stroh, das (straw); Strohdach, das (thatched roof) - thatched roof
strum - Strom, der - electric current
strumok - Strom, der (German river, stream) - stream
stringy - Strunk, der (German rod, stem) - slender
stribati - streben (German to strive) - to jump
banner - goes back to Old Norse. stoeng (Old Swedish - stang) "pole, pole" - flag, banner

teslyar - Tischler, der - carpenter
torturi (in Ukrainian it is used only in the plural) - Tortur, die - torture
tremtiiti - Trema, das (German trembling, fear) - to tremble

Ugryshchyna - Ungarn, das - Hungary

fine (western Ukrainian dialect) - fein (German thin, small, graceful, noble, rich, good, excellent, weak, quiet, beautiful) - beautiful (in Western Ukrainian dialect this word came from English)
fach - Fach, das - specialty
fahivets - Fachmann, der - specialist
fortress - Fort, das, -s, -s - fort, fortress
jointer - Fugebank, die, pl. Fugebaenk - jointer
wagon - Fuhre, die - wagon
furman - Fuhrmann, der - carrier

hapati - happen (nach D) (in it. - grab something with your teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in pieces) - grab
hut - Huette, die (German hut, hut, hut, cabin) - house
hut - Huette, die (German hut, hut, hut, cabin) - hut
farm - Huette, die (German hut, hut, hut, cabin) - farm

tsvirinkati - zwitschen - twitter, chirp
flowers - Zwecke, die (in it. a short nail with a wide hat, a button) - a nail
cegla - Ziegel, der - brick
chainshop - Ziegelei, die - brick factory
ceber - Zuber, der - tub, tub with ears
tsil - Ziel, das - goal
tsibula - Zwiebel, die - onion (plant)
civilian - zivil - civilian, civilian
qina (obsolete) - Zinn, das - tin
tsitska (roughly) - Zitze, die - female breasts
tsukor - Zucker, der - sugar

sequence - Herde, die - herd, herd, herd, flock
chipati - ziepen jemandem - jemandem an den Haaren oder an der Haut schmerzhaft ziehen - it hurts to pull someone by the hair or skin - touch, hurt someone

checks - Schachspiel, das - chess
shakhrai - Schacherei, die (German petty trade, business dealing, bargaining) - swindler
Šibenik - schieben schieben (German to move, push) - hangman, hooligan
shibenitsa - schieben (German to move, push) - gallows
bug - Scheibe, Fensterscheibe, die - window glass
ham - Schincken, der oder die - ham, piece of ham
shinkar - Schenk, der - innkeeper
tavern - Schenke, der - tavern, tavern
way - from the German schlagen - beat, tamp - road, way
shop (Western Ukrainian dialect), - Schuppen, der - fenced off part of the yard or barn, most often with walls made of boards (especially for storing carts and other equipment)
shukhlyada - Schublade, die - drawer

shcherbaty - Scherbe, die, (in it. shard, fragment) - with one fallen out, knocked out or broken tooth (this word is also in Russian)
fair - Jahrmarkt, der, (in it. annual market) - fair (this word is also in Russian)

Ukrainianisms are words, phraseological units, as well as syntactic and grammatical constructions of the Ukrainian language used in another language (literary or colloquial). A word or figure of speech in any language, borrowed from the Ukrainian language or modeled after a Ukrainian word or expression. Ukrainianisms exist in Russian, Belarusian, Polish, Slovak, Hungarian, Romanian, Moldavian and some other languages.
Many words and phrases of the Ukrainian language have firmly entered the active dictionary of the Russian-speaking inhabitants of Ukraine and are recorded explanatory dictionaries Russian language (“lads”, “zhinka”, “cinder end”, “turf”, “gorilka”, and others).

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(West-Russian Rusyns, Rusyns, Rsіny, Polish Rusini, Ukrainian Rusyns, Belarusian Rusins, lit. rusėnai, Latin rutheni, rhuteni, German Ruthenen) is a historical endoethnonym of the inhabitants of Russia, originally used only in the form of a single numbers - Rusyn (other Russian. Rѹsin), while the plural was expressed in the forms Rus, or Russian (people). At present, the ethnonym has been preserved only among some groups of the East Slavic population: in Transcarpathia, in the Lemko region, as well as in Vojvodina and Pannonia ...

Vocabula (from Latin vocabulum "word, name, name") - a single word for memorization during the initial teaching of languages; in the heading of a dictionary entry - the main definitive word or phrase in bold type with stress indication; subject of study in lexicology and lexicography.

With one ukr, the question arose about the Polish influence on the Ukrainian language, or, to put it more simply, derma. And then ukry pretend that their language arose naturally historically. An no. This language was created over several decades by borrowing mainly from the Polish language, which was processed in Galicia, on the basis of a number of Little Russian dialects of the Russian language.
As a result, a mutant language was obtained, which at first caused anger and laughter even among the patriots of Ukraine, as evidenced by at least the letters of Nechui-Levytsky under the general title "The Crooked Mirror of the Ukrainian Language" (Crooked Mirror of the Ukrainian Movie. 1912). And then they got used to it.

Therefore, before presenting a very brief and superficial dictionary of Polish borrowings in Ukrainian vocabulary, I would like to once again draw the attention of readers to the complete scientific inconsistency modern theory Ukrainian philologists about the origin of the Ukrainian language. Strictly speaking, there is no theory as such. There is only a statement that the Ukrainian language has always been, at least at the beginning of our chronology, it was "intertribal language". In other words, Polans, Dulebs, Dregovichi, Ulichs, Drevlyans, Northerners, Vyatichi and Radimichi communicated with each other in Ukrainian. And Ukrainian philologists explain the mysterious absence of ancient written monuments in the Ukrainian language by the fact that from the very beginning of writing in Rus', discrimination against the Ukrainian language also allegedly arose: scribes, chroniclers and other "bookish" people did not want to use their native Ukrainian language for anything, they were embarrassed his. They did not appreciate, so to speak, "Ridnu Mova". They explain the presence in the modern Ukrainian language of many Polonisms not by elementary and obvious Polonization, but by the lexical fund inherited in parallel with the Poles from the ancient glades.

All these views, even to the smallest extent, do not correspond to historical realities.

In fact, the words that we now call Polonisms never existed in the Russian language, just as they did not exist in the language of the ancestors of the Poles - the Poles: the Poles then spoke the same Slavic language as the Polans, and the Novgorod Slovenes, and Radimichi, and Vyatichi, and other Slavic tribes. Only much later, the Slavic language of the ancient Poles, having experienced the influence of Latin and Germanic languages, became the Polish language that we know now. Consequently, all the countless polonisms that exist in our modern Ukrainian language penetrated into it relatively recently, during the time of Polish rule in the lands of the future Ukraine. And it is precisely these Polonisms that have made the current Ukrainian language so different from Russian. A conscientious philologist will never challenge the opinion of V.M. Rusanovsky, who wrote that "the Old Russian language is far from the specifics of modern Ukrainian dialects, and therefore it must be recognized that the dictionary of the latter, in all the essential that distinguishes it from Great Russian dialects, has been formed in recent times." Recently, pan-Ukrainian nationalists, and not "at the beginning of our chronology", in the time of Ovid or even the biblical Noah, as you would like to assert. Recently - this is under the Poles!

Is it necessary to prove that in the language of the Polans there were not and could not be such modern Polish-Ukrainian words as parasolka, zapalnichka, zhuyka, bagnet, zhnivarka, palvo, kava, zukerka, naklad, spital, strike, papir, valіza, bed, videlka, vibuh, garmata, whiteness, plaque, preparation, banking, etc., etc.? No, Panov, the Slavic-Russian language of the inhabitants of ancient southern Rus' became, over time, the Russian-Polish dialect, i.e., the Ukrainian language, because it absorbed a lot of all kinds of Polonisms. If there were no Polish domination, there would be no Ukrainian language now.

It should also be noted that many Polonisms were introduced into our language artificially, deliberately, with the sole purpose of deepening the difference between the Ukrainian and Russian languages. Of the many such words, let's take one as an example: "gyma" (rubber). Rubber was created at a time when Ukraine had long ago returned to the bosom of a single all-Russian state, therefore, a new, in all respects, useful substance in both Russian and Ukrainian languages should have been called the same word "rubber". The question is, how did rubber come to be called in Ukrainian in the same way as in Polish - guma (guma)? The answer is clear: as a result of a purposeful, deliberate policy of polonization under the false name "de-Russification". There are many such examples.

It is noteworthy that the process of "de-Russification" has now flared up with renewed vigor. Literally every day, the Ukrainian mass media, instead of the usual, rooted words, present us with new, supposedly primordially Ukrainian: "sports" instead of an athlete, "policeman" instead of a policeman, "agency" instead of an agency, "charge" instead of circulation, "kill" instead of sports pain, "rose" instead of roses - you can't list everything! Of course, all these "Ukrainian" words are taken directly from the Polish language: sportowjec, policiant, agencia, naklad, uboliwac, rozwoj? Thus, it should be clear that in Ukraine the concepts of "de-Russification" and "Polishization" are synonymous.

True, there are individual cases when one wants to remove some painfully "Moskal" sounding word, but the corresponding Polish one does not fit either. Here are two typical examples. To replace the "wrong" word airport with derusifiers, the Polish word is clearly not suitable, since it sounds exactly the same: aeroport. I had to invent a completely new, unprecedented word "leto" higher". Or, for the Ukrainian stage, the previously generally accepted designation of a vocal-instrumental ensemble with the word "group" (in Ukrainian "group") seemed unacceptable to derussifiers. But the Polish analogous word sounds too much in Muscovite - grupa. And again I had to make do with my own resources: to use the cattle-breeding term "herd" (herd). Let, they say, the new term be associated with a herd of rams, if only it did not look like Russian! In addition, otherwise than insane caricature of the Ukrainian language, it is difficult to call the new transcription of many own titles and names: Sagara Desert, Geops Pyramid, Sherlock Holmes, Mrs. Gadson, etc. The bitter fruits of "de-Russification"!

Naturally, word creation of this kind is absolutely unacceptable for the vast majority of Ukrainian citizens. Maybe all these new "Ukrainian" words caress the ears of the inhabitants of some western regions, accustomed to living under Polish rule, but for those who have not been subjected to long-term Polonization, they seem unnatural and absolutely alien.

Especially for those who are trying to turn our language into Polish, I declare: leave our Ukrainian language alone! Remember well that your insane Polishization of it can lead to the fact that this ugly "newspeak" will become alien to us and the majority of Ukrainian citizens will have to abandon it in favor of a more understandable and close to us Russian language. Come to your senses, gentlemen, before it's too late!

Another sign ok. 500 words available

Eloquent and melodic, colorful and interesting Ukrainian words take root perfectly in the world. In the selection of Espreso.TV - top twelve such words

"What a beautiful word!
Vono is not light, but all lights ... "

With these words, Vladimir Sosyura very accurately conveyed the cosmic greatness of his native word in all its facets, meanings, shades and relationships. Because his "all the worlds" sounds meaningful, in the best sense: we can state that our colorful, actually Ukrainian, words have taken root in the world. They recognize us!

The history of our language would not fit into several volumes. However, it is still being written, because it is still little studied, it contains many contradictions and doubtful theories, especially now.

The Ukrainian language occupies a sad primacy, because it is the language that was most suppressed and eradicated (in its entire history, there are more than 130 official acts and circulars with instructions either to limit its existence, or to destroy it altogether).

However, our speech functioned and functions like a living organism - it develops and grows stronger. We can already talk about his state heights and the noticeable attention paid to him by both Ukrainians and people from other parts of the world.

The Ukrainian language is spoken in Belarus, Russia, Poland, Slovakia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Hungary, USA, Portugal, Spain, Great Britain, Canada, Latin America, Australia, Italy, Greece, they, according to researchers, used by more than 45 million people in the world.

Therefore, it is becoming common Ukrainianisms, that is, words borrowed from the Ukrainian language by other languages of the world, which fully function in the languages of different parts of the globe. Most of all, of course, they are among those peoples who are closest to us territorially - in Polish, Russian, Belarusian, Romanian.

Colorful Ukrainian words are also found in other languages - English, French, German, Italian, Hungarian, etc.

Usually they denote Ukrainian realities, elements of Ukrainian customs, objects of Ukrainian life, that is, in these languages they appear exoticisms(words borrowed into a language from other languages to refer to the realities of life of another people or country), as well as ethnographisms(words that denote the cultural and everyday phenomena of a certain people in a certain period of its development).

Borsch

It's nice that Ukrainian words, which are foreign languages act as exoticisms, become not just a lexical unit in the dictionary, but acquire practical use. With such a word, many peoples of the world have, for example, the word "borsch". We can say with confidence that our word "borscht" has become globalized, because all over the world "Ukrainian borscht" is also one of the most famous first courses.

borshch - in Belarusian
borsch - in Italian
Borschtsch - in German
barszcz - in Polish
borscht in Russian
borș - in Romanian
Borscht - in French
boršč - in Czech
borscs - in Hungarian

Vareniki

Most of all Ukrainianisms are in Russian and Polish. Some of them got into the Russian language as early as the 19th century, and even earlier ( cooper, dumpling, dumpling, cake, casing, lad, grain grower, schoolboy). Some of them even supplanted their Russian counterparts: "apiary" (Russian "beekeeper"), "syrnik" (Russian "cottage cheese"), "farmer" (Russian "farmer"), "stubble" (Russian "stubble "), "buckwheat" (Russian "buckwheat").

Ukrainism "vareniki" is also firmly rooted both in the dictionaries of the Russian (English, Belarusian) languages and in the culinary culture of these peoples.

Vareniks - in English

vareniki - in Belarusian

dumplings - in Russian

Hopak

In Polish, borrowed from Ukrainian words such as hopak, bogatir, gang, garbuz, guk, gukati, golota, duzhiy, succession, sweet cherry, buckwheat, godovati, mayachiti, cathedral and others.

Hopak- a traditional Ukrainian dance of Zaporizhzhya origin, as well as a proper Ukrainian martial arts- gained great popularity in the world. Since hopak performance techniques contain many elements that are not common in other nations and are similar to military equipment, this word has not found a translation in other languages, but they (like the concept itself) have remained in our Ukrainian sound.

Hopak - in English

hapak - in Belarusian

Hopak - in Spanish

Hopak - in Italian

Hopak - in German

Hopak - in Polish

Hopak - in Romanian

hopak - in Russian

Hopak - in French

Hopak - in Czech

Hopak - in Hungarian

Cossack

Since the 16th century, Ukrainian words have been enriched and French. Among the Ukrainianisms there appear such: threshold, Cossacks, chickens, sich, otaman, haydamak, centurion, jura, foreman, mace, bandura, headman, settlement, hutir, borscht and others.

The word "Cossack" is its own Ukrainian: a free, independent person, a defender of his land, an adventurer, but with " light hand"of the Ukrainian dictionary, it has perfectly taken root in the dictionaries of other languages of the world.

Cossack - in English

Cossack - in Belarusian

Kosak - in German

Kozak - in Polish

Cossack - in Russian

cazac - in Romanian

Cosaque - in French

Cossack - in Czech

kozak - in Hungarian

Steppe

Some linguists suggest that the English steppe is an ancient borrowing from our area. Perhaps through the Polish language, where the word step male, like ours and where it got the same way from us. In Russian, the steppe changes gender to feminine.

Steppe - in English
Step - in Belarusian
Ster - in Bulgarian
Steppe - in German
Steppe - in Russian
Stepă - in Romanian
Step - in Slovak
Steppe - in French
Stepa - in Czech
Sztyeppe - in Hungarian

Vechernitsy

Specific Ukrainianisms in English language Canadians, which denote the concepts of life, customs, historical meanings (dumi "thoughts", Metelitsya, Hopak - the names of dances, bandura bandura", borsch "borscht", Zaporozhtsi "Cossacks", vechornytsi "party parties").

evening parties - in Belarusian

vechornytsi - among Canadians

evening parties - in Russian

Cherries

The melodic name of a juicy berry, Ukrainism "cherry" is found in Belarusian ( chareshnya), Polish (czeresnia (trzesnia), Russian (cherry) languages.

chareshnya - in Belarusian

czeresnia (trzesnia) - in Polish

cherry - in Russian

Bandura

There are also many versions about the origin of the name of our ancient folk instrument. Perhaps this word came to us from Latin (pandura), but be that as it may, this word is characteristic of our culture and history, and through us - of the cultures of other peoples.

bandura - in English
bandura - in Polish
bandura - in Russian
bandura - in Czech

Buckwheat

The name of the fragrant and useful culture common in us is not only firmly rooted in foreign languages, but, for example, in Russian it even supplanted their sound "buckwheat".

hreczka - in Polish
buckwheat - in Belarusian
buckwheat - in Russian
hrișcă - in Romanian

cheesecake

Ukrainism "syrnik" also became a Russian word, displacing the word "cottage cheese" there, and was also borrowed by other languages.

syrniki - in Belarusian

sernik - in Polish

match - in Russian

Ukrainianisms also found in other languages. But the question of the connection of the Ukrainian language with many languages of the world has not yet been studied enough. And yet, in parallel with work in this direction, we should be proud of the diversity, richness, beauty and splendor of our language: after all - 250 thousand words, among which are those that are spoken in the world!

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